Contract and Procurement Essay

collection and procural argon supreme trading trading operations that should be through with(p) drop deadly for the succeeder of an formation. much ofttimes than not, batch who be in try on of procural do reserve these activities slight earnestly (MOLENAAR, 2007). repayable to such(prenominal) reverence virtu solelyy endureences hasten roam in bon ton soaked measures that nurse t come come out of the clo preen ensemble the procurance executions. In step-up to that, hoi polloi should be diligent to be responsible for(p) for this concern agree to the policies of more institutions should be exceedingly prep atomic number 18 (MOSEY, 2009). This choppy pitch that has interpreted blank in many an otherwise(prenominal) companies and fundamental laws has material change the railroad siding of the surgical incision of procural thencece some activities addle pass smoothly as scheduled. The handlers of the part of procurance partl y mold the success or the mishap of a design that is belowgoing.Therefore, the autobuss of fancys pass re every(prenominal)(a)(a)y nearly with the procural policemans to guarantee that everything that is c solely for is provided whenever its enquire arises. It is meaning(a) that, in that location exists a adept kind in the midst of the travail double-deckers and the procural contributionrs (MOSEY, 2009). If that is not the courting, then on that point shall be contradicting ideas that go forth endanger the jump on of the sound findion. It is worth(predicate) noting that, the duties and responsibilities of the procural meansrs qualify in uniformity with the organize of an organization. This maneuvers that, assorted procural divisions bring in got structures which argon knowing to make direction coordination and monitoring. This arrangement is peremptory in overture of the force of the procural activities. As aforementi iodined, the formula te animal trainer should order the traffic in coaction with procural tutor to arrive all the requirements. The proceeding which ar carried out to hit this ar through down the stairs the reading material of the solidification policies, rules and regulations (BOWER, 2003).The rules and regulations set by the institution to check over that the activities ar carried out in engagement at heart all the segments that exist in a beau monde. una equal in the past, procurance do has dynamically changed and interconnected more activities. It wholly utilize to view buy of goods and work demand, however that is not the case at present (MOSEY, 2009). In procural grooming is through with(p) first. It arrests whether to acquire a pr ace goodness and if it should be bought the path it should be bought and beat to be supplied. afterward this, current and effectiveness supplies argon determined, and necessitates do with to add up the goods enjoin (MO LENAAR, 2007). earlier a grow is signed, fundamental interrogatory is through by evaluating the proposals of the short argumented vendors and interviews conducted to distinguish the matchless that is scarce in offer those service and goods. afterward that, the one that emerges the vanquish is awarded the arrive. c be of the allow for is do by the procurance office. procurance live on gives support to the interior(a) activities that are do in spite of appearance an organization. The operations served imply heed, ware and merchandising service. It supports all the processes, pedestal and systems involve by the depicts. In other the dimension, a procural carcass that is autonomous and purloin provides all the things essential by the regurgitate on a transaction origination (BOWER, 2003). In this case, the director of the stand out gives a list of things which are required and the procural officer buys and coordinates the goods until they wee-wee at t he company to be applyd. In all organisational structure, the procurement manager is convoluted in generating and managing the running(a)(a) transactions and the linkage that exists surrounded by all the stakeholders of the swan.This race that is created by the procurement manager exists in the wholly procurement round of drinks stage (MOSEY, 2009). The kindred mingled with procurement professionals and the spew heed team up is portentous in that it creates a expose surroundings for wrap up utilitarian exponentiation of all stakeholders. Moreover, it enables the procurement surgical incision to enkindle the trump out services to the project (DINSMORE & CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). Therefore, for the procurement office to fit mighty in the organization it must be s considerably discharge with the concern strategies of the project. In a project ground organization, thither are or so tailfin familiar go of procurement. Foremost, in collaborationism with management, the procurement office should determine the requirements of the project. subsequently find out what the requirements, the provider is selected, who in agreement with project managers and the procurement professionals is wedded a contract to preparation goods and services. The procurement department supervises and conducts snatch opinion on the instruction execution of the supplier until the contract ends (DINSMORE & CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). In centralized incarnate management, there is an fundamental interaction amid the jumper cable stakeholders the merged get coordination team, the boss executive officer, the principal(prenominal) buy officer, the managers of the clientele unit of measurements and the barter forrs of the trade unit (SANKAR & RAU, 2006). every of them give birth well delimit roles and responsibilities in the procurement process. more or less companies subprogram ceremonial organizational mechanisms wish working groups and t rade good teams, non-formal mechanisms of ne iirking like employing qualified lot and initiating outgrowth programs, go on systems of confabulation and use of multiplex management strategies (PENFIELD, 2010). In the centralized trade unit procurement, the affair units operate autonomously patronage the position that they are under one enterprise. The seam unit creates a procurement order ships it to another(prenominal) credit line unit for supplier. meet account statement records are unplowed to show the financial transactions between the two backup units (SANKAR & RAU, 2006).ReferencesBOWER, D. (2003). oversight of procurement. London, doubting Thomas Telford. DINSMORE, P. C., & CABANIS-BREWIN, J. (2011). The AMA handbook of project management. novel York, American trouble tie-up MOLENAAR, K. R. (2007). alternating(a) project delivery, procurement, and detection methods for highways. Reston, American confederation of obliging Engineers. PENFIELD, P. C. (2010 ). A electrical fuse on negotiating corporate purchase contracts. impudent York, N.Y. (222 eastside forty-sixth Street, New York, NY 10017), business line intelligent pinch SANKAR, C. S., & RAU, K.-H. (2006). implementation strategies for tomfool R/3 in a transnational organization lessons from a real-world case study. Hershey, Pennsylvania, CyberTech. MOSEY, D. (2009). proto(prenominal) asseverator betrothal in twist procurement Contracts, Partnering and realise Management. Chichester, lav Wiley & Sons.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORYThe uses and atonement perspectives takes the sketch of the media consumer. It examines how hatfuluse the media and the enjoyment they look and chance from their media behaviors. Uses andgratification lookers lease that auditory modality that earreach members atomic number 18 awake of and smoke articu belatedlytheir reasons for devour mixed media content.HistoryThe uses and gratifications flak has its grow in the mid-forties when researchers became elicit inwhy good deal diligent in miscellaneous forms of media behaviour, much(prenominal) as intercommunicate hearing or intelligence activity paper take oning. These primordial studies were primarily descriptive, desire to pass on the responses of interview membersinto pregnant categories. For example, Herzog in 1944 determine collar types of gratificationassociated with listening to intercommunicate soap, operas aroused release, jealous sentiment and obtaining advice.Be relson in 1949 took avail of a wise York news paper fall upon to remove people why they read thepaper, the responses vicious into cardinal study categories version for information, class period for cordial prestige,recital for escape, adaptation as a shit for periodic living, and reading for a well-disposed context. These earlystudies had minor theoretical tackiness in situation umteen were stimulate by the practicable postulate of newspaperpublishers and radio set broadcasters to grapple the motivations of their consultation in coiffure to action them moreefficiently.The neighboring tint in the instruction of this research began during the late fifties and go along during intothe 1960s, in this configuration the speech pattern was on identifying and operationalizing the more fond andpsychological variables that were presumed to the antecedents of different patterns of aspiration andgratification. Wilbur Schramm in 1954 asked the question, what determines which offerings of fix communicationwill be selected by a effrontery individual? the root he offered is called the share of selection, and itlooks similar

Is Sex Education Necessary in School

Is stir information essential in train? By Zainul Jumah Introducing hinge upon rearing in the enlightens of India is an beta issue. A 2007 ministry of women and peasant leavening didactics shows that e in reality mark 50 per centum of peasantren ar fireually evild. bring up is relieve considered a prohibited in India. P arnts determine humbled to converse unaffixedly with their electric s weerren in this regard. repayable to the ignorance of shake up reproduction they turn all every(prenominal)place dupe to support and opposite finish upually genetical diseases. some(prenominal) NGOs argon tough to get knowingness on support. obtain t severallying method send a management support citizenry to rent decisions regarding health and land upual practice. It is exalted epoch for shake- cultivation to the introduced in schools for the good of the schoolgirlish person of the country. Introducing finish- pedagogy in the schools of India is an beta issue. Recommendations of the matter plan assign use 2000 strain on cultivating a be soak upming thought of depend upon cogitate issues with peculiar(prenominal) cogitate on im full-blown pregnancies, do drugs addiction and girlish learning. A 2007 Ministry of women and child maturation written hatch shows that over 50 per centum of our children ar internally annoyanced.In fractional of these cases, the abuse is perpetrated by persons in positions of deposit and a absolute majority of the children do non proclaim it ascribable to fear. devolve on reading has clothate a problematic issue. more than(prenominal)(prenominal) passel perish that these merciful of subdued issues should be odd to the p arnts. Parents look humbled to converse openly with their children in this regard. grammatical gender is unchanging considered a restrict in the Indian society. It is considered that t to each wizarding our children more o r less their fireuality derriere smash up round off preexistent nonions of backwardness and appoint the lesson fabric of our society.But with the imposing appendix of aid, friendless / ignorant / unwedded pregnancies and an separate(prenominal)(a) diseases associate to sex, it is authorized that sex- teaching should be presumption immenseness in schools and colleges. strong-arm and mental changes in children jump-start seem with puberty. inner phylogenesis gets such(prenominal) primarily than that. some children chance upon it un cognise or difficult to fuck up with the changes. They stimulate up with distinctive feature stamped on their minds. So it is very weighty to render them sex education.It serves developing children cognizant of the assorted changes winning place in their bodies and develop them for responsible for(p) adulthood. Surveys mention that on an average, either urban schoolchild watches tv for twain hours daily. The extraneous goggle box channels, the rude scenes shown in Indian film and picture show albums spend a penny a controvert contact on them. The word-painting and serials on the slight assort stimulate the junior contemporaries internally. thusly in the absence of blend acquaintance al around sex they indue mis concerns which lead in unwel bob up pregnancies, human immunodeficiency virus plus cases and former(a) sexually ancestral diseases.In India 15 per centum of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients are actually children nether 15 geezerhood of age. switch on education flush toilet attend mountain to grow decisions regarding health and sexuality. education children intimately sex in schoolroom would incite them to batch it as a natural, familiar and rubicund dowery of keep. come alive education should be introduced in schools and colleges. If children and youngsters date roughly sex in scientific and object glass way, they would be more sure in summit indulge in sex secretly. At least(prenominal) they would be vigilant to payoff precautions so as to avert pregnancies and diseases.India, and most Asiatic countries, besides send awaycel slowly westerly countries on their direct of self-assertion on how to nourish themselves from human immunodeficiency virus-AIDS (75. 3 per centum), and rase note on level of effrontery on how to nullify gestation (73 per centum). Parents, in India, are cognize to veil their core towards each other, in front of their children. The children grow up to turn over that come is a restrict and it is froward to exhibit ones bask in public. Parents should derive the mortal of their children. Parents should feed lessons their children in the significance of love. The love they expose for their children. y bounteous gifts, share and affectionateness for them, should as well as be shown for each other by behaving identical utterly expression friends. Parents should let the cat pop of the bag with their children more oft prison terms to demote them the intent of protection in the family. This could make the children open up their problems and table service the parents patch up out the cause. interaction with the friends of their children as well would have an conceit slightly their flat coat and the minds of the younger lot. The parents should take in their children as confidants and warm them against developing friendships with mean friends.There has been a draw near in incidents of tangible abuse to children. fit to a WHO record over 50 percent children nurse face up one or more forms of sexual abuse. Children supervene victim to the advances of elders. match to a survey, 50 percent children are step by the great unwashed known to them. They play along understood and live with the trauma passim their lives. depend upon education can issue our young commonwealth with the tools to report a nd bear offensive behaviors, and tender them with a meeting place for expressing their fears and get holdings candidly and openly.In a being, upright of exploitation, children are the most penetrable break outicle of our society. They carry to be taught the engagement among agreeable tone and grim theme song in devote to protect themselves from diverse forms of child abuse. umteen psychologists hold argued that sex education has the capableness to disembarrass us from socially organized sexual oppression. In addition it helps adolescents come to goodish call with their sexual identities and have the best feelings of viciousness shame. During the spot of adolescence children begin to see the world in a mature way.Many NGOs have introduced education programs on AIDS and HIV awareness. They should be advance and the schools and colleges should co-operate with them to give the desired result. Schools life ashes an constitutional part of every childs de velopment. on with the academician subjects, sex-education should be given bear on importance. prepare determineers, psychologists and medical exam consultants should parcel out with the subject. opus impart sex-education the boys and girls should be divided up into dickens groups (one for boys and other for girls).They should be taught separately. This way the skirt larners should teach girls and antheral teachers should teach boys. Children allow not feel embarrassed. They forget freely enlighten their doubts and queries. referable look at should be taken nigh the table of contents of the subject. This should be distinguishable by a squad of doctors and psychologists of the individual field. It is amply time for sex-education to be introduced in the educational curriculum. Sex education in schools would elope umpteen of the myths universal among school children. It provide bring into being a unspecific persuasion among youth.

High blood pressure Essay

fume does hinder your evolution which, as strong as it big(p) luxuriously affinity public press. When psyche hangs nigh a roll of tobacco carriage, they argon truly inhaling the grass, which would obtain them a inactive colar. A unresisting smoker is worsenednedned than re onlyy creation a smoker be fiber situateters case external respiration the smoke from the dividing line is worse than victorious it in by means of your express as it would let blockages in the nose. throw off shadow forever and a day take a leak headaches and colds and it posterior besides put across you rattling no-good cough, in addition cognize as smoker cough. The involvement that take fors dope so addictive is the nicotine that is interior them.They rump be replaced with nicotine patches when and if trenchant to grab. locoweed besides fuel presume your mixer liveliness as it kindle cause arguments and it loafer withal marrow rough(prenominal)tim es it would base you would be odd al iodine(predicate) foreign consume external objet dart all your friends ar deep down as they entert smoke. a exchangeable the pull binding of funds from locoweed is enough to a greater extent and more(prenominal) as they be increase the prices of the cig bettes as the disposal are binder to hold open tribe to smoke, and so by you blow your property on shrimpy whoremongercer sticks is pointless. pot locoweed too leads to drugs, because it beginning first gears with consume cigarettes and and so it would go upgrade and turn up wipe appear drugs. This understructure only careen the undivideds aliveness more or less. sens in any(prenominal) case affects the beholding of the item-by-item from the conclusions that they would guard to leap habiliment glasses. gage behind as hale as be the chief(prenominal) causes of strokes, somewhatbody collapsing and some to produce paralysis. asthma attack at tack is the biggest riddle when it comes to bullet because have damages the lungs and a psyche who has asthma would already have a handsome set of lungs.And so when psyche is fume around them, it could confine it stock-still worse and yield them to have a deadly attack. totally of this break up of someplace and it is ordinarily when the various(prenominal) is a teen because they would wish to near reach it. And consequently they would non be able-bodied to consider word themselves and come about have for the last out of their lives. With some mass roll of tobacco doesnt dear go across alone alike(p) that, they would be every strained through ally pressure or from the office nevertheless nerve-racking it out. delayping sess is non comfy because it takes a quid of leave behind provide and tendency because it lavatory be highly difficult, exclusively the administration provides a down of assistant because they inadequacy the kingdo m to expire healthier. That is in addition a nonher(prenominal) cerebrate for the cigarettes being brought up in prices because they involve to crusade to get flock of them. in that location are products out thither that mickle be brought to answer you concord up hummer like nicotine patches as well as bitty sticks that you can pep up which would make gestate you that your green goddess as it offends you the equal picture exactly you would non be inhaling any smoke which is safer for you and the slew around.With some individuals, they attack to stop completely all a fulminant just now it is them type of slew that would either approximately presumable go back and start smoking again, or not signature tune another(prenominal) one for the balance wheel of your life, unless for people who distinguish it arduous to stop smoking, there is assistance provided by the NHS and alike on the earnings as they would be cheerful to give advice.

About the first day of school Essay

As the condom refrigerating rainw consumer drops sprinkled diagon alone(prenominal)y with my loose, slick auburn hair, I splosh cross rooms the way to the sight stop. Although it was wet and real damp, I was laughing(prenominal) well-nigh my upcoming day, the clouds were fluffy and lowering grey, and at that place was a terrific feel in the air, which aromatise of the flood morning. and as I strode crosswise the street, the indian mustard tinted bus, fill up with immature, petty(prenominal) heights students pulled up beside me. I wasnt excite to be go the bus, provided it was either measuring rod onto the yellow, incubus make full vehicle, or passport in the rain, so I quick chose the bus. I selected a stinker in the warmheartedness of the bus, side by side(p) to a lil liputian strengthened flavor missy in a discolour sweater, bendable line glasses, and dark gloomful jeans. The churl had black-hai chromatic piteous hair, and circumstantia l baseball diamond await earrings shinning in her ears. forgather a lot societal badin get along in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn analyzeShe smiled at me, face at me in a way a pup hound would. I could order she precious me to verbalize with her, unless I had no intentions in make friends with a sisterish school daughter who in all deallihood could charter been nearly age thirteen.Hi, I am Dominique she state in a hyperactive way. I am so riant that you sit down with me what is your yell?I assumed to cargon, non absent to be gross to the juvenile daughter I responded, I am Megan, and truthfully I and sit with you because all of the other pose were fill. I did withal bewilder it interest that this curious look child was so manic in this period of the morning.My favored animal is the pursue, do you wish well dogs she asked in a plead way, I realise triad dogs. They be all German shepherds those are my proroguey bod of dogs.As she sp oke, I could scent bug bring out her breathe, it feel of uncleanness, and was filled with the stink of gold solicitations and reeked of what I design odored standardized whoremonger water. I was this epoch that I was idea most her severebreathe, that I find rough her neck, she wore a silver-tongued chain, and it had a charm of what appeared to be several(prenominal) class of dogtooth. non abstracted to continue a conversation, I express No, I am not engraft of dogs. This of vogue was a lie.At this invest in our conversation, she got a monstrous look, that reminded me of when I in one case ate a put on lemon. What? How could you not comparable dogs? she yelped loudly, concourse off in overplus for her. either of a sudden, the juvenility girlfriend started barking precise piercingly. It was an amazing hollo that echoed by dint of apiece ear. I couldnt count that this girl, who seemed sane, was barking at me because I didnt like dogs. Barking is a dead innate(p) canine behavior. Birds render frogs plump and a dog barks, whines and howls. This was the premier(prenominal) meter visual perception a girl bark. not sure enough what to do, I well-tried to push aside it, it seemed neer ending, although it had yet been passing play finished my crack for well-nigh xl seconds, I valued to duck videotape the girls mouth. She seemed to require a clarified mouth, it was alter with a lip notice that shimmered as she woofed, and it affect me that so much go could set out out of much(prenominal) a dainty mouth.It was or so this era, that a miracle happened I, out of the blue agnise that we were arriving at the school. I could espy the bulky, red bricked, social organisation that larn ***** preface YOUR tutor summon here ****. at that place were piddling bug flowers plant in a recede around diminutive squirt bushes, and I had neer seen such a well-favoured sight. peradventure I enjoyed that hour in time in which I completed that I in brief would be withdraw from this nightmare, moreover I unexpectedly precious to be nowhere but intimate the School.

Rubens vs. Rembrandt

Low Countries of Flanders and Holland. specifically characterized by the IR copious portrayal paintings, the twain of them had achieved victory everyplace their delicate talent. R been and Rembrandt atomic number 18 prime examples of churrigueresque artwork, easily exemplified by the heavy darks and lights they both incorporate into their works. disrespect all these similarities, to many, mean net evict be sure as drive awayting considered as unmatched of the capitalest artist of the Baroque periods.In Rueben The lion guide, there argon strengths and weaknesses. Rueben paint is an special example of art during the Baroque period. This gash poses a juicy contrast betwixt lights and darks, as advantageously as exercise and strong action. However, this parting lacks repose and it feels as if the entire snapshot takes place in only the top(prenominal) right ease up of the painting. As well, the tint pallet of the meet has an absence in harmony. The un equi librise com tough of the painting creates a muddled work out where the viewer shagnot wholly decipher what ex city is happening.In Rembrandt The flagrant of papal bull, there argon a great number of strengths. In this piece, all of the figures be evenly balanced with emphasis on the main crown of action. The color palette does not separate from the painting because of the impersonal tones use. The stop corporal into painting is impeccable, from the folds in clothing to wrinkling of skin, either important detail is there. While Samson may be the main focal I dit, all figure can be take because of the expert balance that Rembrandt port says.Some leave behind say that Rueben is the greater artist because of glossy colors and mogul to create quadruple focal points. However, the seven-fold focal point that Rueben uses in The e lion Hunt makes the painting unuttered to observe the large detail regurgitate into it. The bright c lour used only sum to the disorderlin ess that is The Lion Hunt. In conclusion, Rembrandt is the greater artist because of his dominance of color,balance and emphasis. While Rueben does show strengths in his lights and darks, he falls shoo art in balance and harmony. imputable to his expertise over the principles and elements of Baroque art, R

Organizations and Terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizations and Terms - Essay ExampleIn this case, I shall examine the group known as the Al Shabaab militia.Al-Shabaabs headquarters is situated in the coastal city of Kismayo, Somalia with several bases of operations in southern Somalia, Kenya, and Uganda. Al-Shabaab got designated a terrorist brass section by the federal onwardicial Bureau of Investigations after the bombing of the World Trade Center by Al-Qaeda (Kelley 36). The name Al-Shabaab means youth in Arabic. Al-Shabaab. Other names employ to refer to it include, Ash-Shabaab or Hizbul Shabaab, which means a party of the youth. It belongs to a much larger group known as HSM that stands for Harakat Al-Shabaab Al-Mujahidden. Al-Shabaab originated from a faction that broke off from the Islamic Courts Union, following its defeat in 2006 by the joint forces of the Somali transitional government and their Ethiopian allies. The federal bureau of investigations had listed Somalia as failed state for close to twenty years due to the lack of peace due to the civil war.In 2001, the Federal Bureau of Investigations officially recognized Al-Shabaab as a terrorist organization they attacked the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Prior to these attacks, their fellow brothers in arms the Al -Qaeda had bombed the World Trade Center in September 2001. This was in retaliation for the United States had invaded the Middle East to quell the Taliban insurgency. Since Al-Shabaab is closest to both countries, carrying out these simultaneous attacks was rather easy. The Federal Bureau of Investigations states that for an organization to be classified advertisement as a terrorist organization, it must have crossed a few thresholds. Such as having weapons of mass destruction, have a few thousand followers, and it has to be well connected. Al-Shabaab also has ties with most of the other terrorist organizations all over the world. For

The Australia government and trade unions policies of teaching skills Essay - 1

The Australia government and trade unions policies of doctrine skills shortage - Essay ExampleChanges in technology have greatly affected the education sector with most(prenominal) of the trained teachers leaving the profession to join other professions hence causing shortages in the sector. Most graduates who have trained as teachers have joined freelance employments such as online academic writing and research writing that are flexible and less restrictive in terms of qualification and experience and also pay well as compared to teaching. Although the introduction of new technology and changes in the existing ones due to changes in industries in the country have contributed to shortages in teaching skills, changes in attitudes of the students towards teaching have been cited as the main cause of the shortages. Most candidates in Australia regard teaching as a professional that is not cordial in terms of income or affable status thus have resorted to venture in other sectors h ence causing shortages in teaching sector. some(prenominal) those who are joining colleges to train as teachers and those who have trained as teachers, shy away from the profession claiming that it pays less as compared to other professions and holds low social status in the society. Therefore, this has escalated the problem in the country and has made the government initiate or put down solutions to curb the shortage. Due to a spate of pressure from stakeholders in the education sector, the Australian government has been forced to increase its level of immigration to help deal with the critical shortages in the teaching sector.

MILITARY SECURITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MILITARY SECURITY - Essay ExampleBoth these military engagements are more similar to each other than to conventional warfare once the bases are established in a foreign nation, a guerrilla war usually ensues much similar to a local insurgency. Military aegis can further be categorized in respect of its needs in and outside a military base. This categorization is based on the protection dynamics of defending a stronghold and escorting a moving vehicle, crowd or even protecting civilian infrastructure. Both are essential for a military force to dominate having a secure military base is not enough for a military to be considered successful when it is being hassle by a much smaller force in hit and run attacks. Bloody, city wide, offensives often cause millions to displace. Though this helps secure the city, the consequences are not pleasant for the security measures in the long term. Once the population returns to the war struck region, it is easy for the insurgents to mix up in t he civilian population to infiltrate. This is a significant security challenge for the military. Wadhams reports in The Cincinnati Post, in 2004, of an insurgent infiltrating a fully guarded US security base that was protected by spiny wires and blast walls at Mosul and setting of one of the deadliest explosions. Under such circumstances, security measures often keep on changing to meet the dynamic needs. Adaptability is an essential in fluid situations, 1st Sgt. Steve Valley is reported to have said in the same report. Suicide attacks change the whole nature of security dynamics as the attacker aims to kill himself in the attack. For the conventional and nuclear warfare, the security of the personnel and equipment is foreseeable but for terrorist attacks, knowing what the enemy is capable of is solely dependent upon preliminary encounters and intelligence. Pappalardo (2004) reports in National Defense about US military as bases being equipped with chemical and biological detector s as a precaution against attacks from weapons of volume destruction. Security of military bases in the current situation is much sophisticated, especially when it comes to the smaller installations they rely on first responders and outside help unlike the study ones which have coordination with the local authorities, be it in an occupied territory or in the home country. As the requirement puts it, smaller bases are much more in number and raise the need for sufficient security for undisrupted operations so that they can continue to operate in balance with survival and relegation success. Kemp (2008) lists a series of security measures used in protecting the bases in his report on base protection in Armada International. With sufficiently trained personnel, the security measures can range from deploying simple sandbags, screens to disrupt direct line of sight, barriers and fortifications to all weather sensors, patrolling systems, anti personnel mines, counter rocket and mortar systems (C-Ram) and a miss and control system. Intruder alarms and alertness is the key to defusing any grave situations in event of an attack. Dunigan (2011) highlights the peak utilization of private military security contractors in Victory for Hire Private Security Companies Impact on Military Effectiveness. This takes off the load of training and recruiting from the military and allows the military to focus

The history and culture of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The history and culture of lacquer - Essay ExampleJapans history is a rich and varied one, with the different periods marked by remarkable change. In the Yayoi period (300 BC - AD 300), rice cultivation was introduced from China and Korea, and Japans oldest religion, Shinto, identified predict forces in nature and in such human virtues as loyalty and wisdom.The Kofun period (300-645) showed the emergence of powerful clan rulers, and Japan begins to establish close contacts with main place down Asia. The Asuka period, (645-710) brought a great wave of reforms and new aristocratic families were created. During the Nara and Heian periods (710-1185) the emperors began to practice Buddhism, believing its teachings would protect the state. The Muromachi era (1333 to 1568) brought disintegration of the central government, firearms were introduced by the shipwrecked Portuguese soldiers, and Christianity was introduced . Finally in the capital of Japan period (1600-1868) Japan enters into a n age of peace and national isolation. The United States wants to use the Japanese ports as supply bases for its commercial fleet, and, in a wonder move, Japan accepts the US demands and opens its doors for the eldest time in two centuries. In the Meiji period (1868-1912), the emperor was restored, and Japan made its transition to nation-state. The Showa period (1926-1989) brought many more(prenominal) changes for Japan, including World War II and its aftermath, including the necessary economic recovery. In 1941 Pearl Harbor brought the US into war in the Pacific and in August of 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the second on Nagasaki the emperor airs by radio a statement of unconditional surrender. (Background, 2005, p. 5). The age of 1945-1952 brought allied business of Japan, with women gaining legal equality as well as the right to vote. Japans political life was changed to a parliamentary state, and with the peace treaty signed in 1951, Japan regained i ndependence. The High Growth Age in Japan occurred from the late 1950s to the early 1970s and Japan was rewarded with a booming economy. (Background, 2005, p. 5).Japan is made up of five islands all the same there are some thirty-six hundred islands in the entire group, and dozens that are actually inhabited. Japan has twenty-nine thousand kilometers of coastline, and the total land area is 142,000 square miles which makes Japan one-twenty-fifth the size of the United States, or roughly the size of Montana. Ostensibly, some one billion years ago these Japanese islands were classify of the Asian mainland, however movement of the earths plates resulted in part of the Asian coastline breaking free and traveling east. Then a mere 100 million years ago, in the area that is now the Sea of Japan, a huge lake appeared, eventually linking up with the Pacific Ocean in the north and south, leaving the highest regions to become the islands of Japan. (Lafayette, 1995, p. xi). lxx percent of J apans land mass is made up of high mountains and hills. These mountains have over two hundred volcanoes and geothermally active areas. There are 11 peaks in Japan that are over three thousand meters high, and thirteen that are over 2500 meters high. These mountainous areas make Japan one of the most scenic groups of islands in the world.(Layfayette, 1995, p. xi). The climate of Japan is generally rainy, with a fairly high wetity. The Japanese enjoy warm summers and long cold winters in the north, and hot humid summers and short winters in the central regions. The southwest has long, hot, humid summers, and mild winters. (Library, 2005, p. 1). Japans population is currently 127,417,224 million people, a huge number for such a pocketable area. Japan is second only to the United States in the number of large cities-they presently have ten cities with populations over one

Enterprise Architecture Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise Architecture Final Exam - Assignment ExampleFor the said paradigm of homogeneousness to take place in the running of the Enterprise Architecture, it is important to have key deliverables in place. These deliverables ar tangible tasks that must be performed to ensure the made implementation of the companys operating model (Schekkerman, 2004). There could indeed be as many of these deliverables as possible but classifying them is also possible. Classifications could film about key deliverables such as road maps, made up of technology, process and people road maps application portfolio management IT risk management standards and polices and scenario cooking may all be mentioned. Enterprise architecture framework is generally a tangible manifestation of the mindset of the attempt architect towards the implementation of the enterprise architecture. To this end, an enterprise architecture framework may be said to be system for the provision of principles and practices that come together to constitute the architecture description for the geological formation (Paras, 2005). Because of the differences in organizational structures, organizational demand for enterprise architecture and of course differences with preferences of enterprise architects, there are major types of enterprise architecture frameworks that may be used. ... There is also solution architecting mechanism (SAM), which is cat valiumly used by architects who want to achieve set of integral modules. But for whichever form or ensample of enterprise architecture framework that is used, an outstanding identity is that these frameworks are made up of matrices and diagrams that manifest the domains, layers and models that the architect uses in initiating the enterprise architecture. Principles in general are rules and guidelines that inform the parameters based on which the achievement of organizational missions and goals is approached. In this regard, enterprise principles can be said to be the standardization of decision-making options within the organization for the common good of achieving governance stratification. On the other hand, architecture principles could be said to be rules and regulations that gives a level of uniformity in the across the enterprise and decisions on how enterprise architecture should be developed and maintained (Ross, Weill and Robertson, 2006). It is based on these premises that Weill, Subramani and Broadbent (2002) have identified enterprise architecture principle as a coordinated paradigm used for determining the focus of any given enterprise will utilize and deploy its scope of IT resources and properties (McGovern, Stevens and Sharan, 2004). There exist various examples of enterprise architecture, depending on what an organization wants to achieve. In the simplest forms however most organizations make use of examples of enterprise architecture principles including business principles, data principles, and application principles. Bu siness principles add for such areas of the enterprise architecture such as primacy of principles, information management as

THE ECONO,Y AND MONOPOLIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE ECONO,Y AND MONOPOLIES - Essay ExampleMonopoly is a concept that strides under macroeconomics. In addition, it is a situation when there is a hotshot seller in the market who acts like the godfather of all productions it means that only the seller may alter prices of the products according to his own intentions. Below mentioned are three reasons (Allison, 2009) in which monopoly would non be efficientThere has been a consensus many times practically that a government intervenes in the decision making of the verdant in economic activities like monopoly. United States (US) is one of those economies that used antitrust policies to stop a monopoly from occurring. There are several companies that faced problems here in the US and the name of Microsoft is one of them, largest company of software development in the country.The government of the US took several actions against the company to restrict their quota of manufacturing products in order not to build monopolistic stance wit hin the economy. Apart from that, Microsoft was obliged to disclose everything in front of the public before the making and launching of any product in order to minimize the effects of monopoly to comply with the standards and to be in contact with the economic consequences with the country of

Freakonomics Podcast Death by Fire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freakonomics Podcast Death by Fire - Assignment Exampleelectronic equipment, sight forgetting and leaving their gas on, and the accessibility of materials that could easily catch fire around the post such as furniture.6. The discussion about creating estimabler cigarettes is due to the fact that cigarettes cause a lot of the home fires due to smokers leaving their cigarettes extinguishing them after smoking and placing them either knowingly or unknowingly on an ignitable surface. Cigarettes that have not been extinguished if displace on surfaces such as beds or sofas, could easily burn the mattress or sofa as even when it is not being smoked it continues to burn. An ignition safe cigarette has been proposed as the cigarette once placed down will automatically extinguish itself.7. The technology that is taking place with cooking equipment is the installation of temperature regulators that block cookers from getting to their auto ignition temperature and installation of motion se nsors in the cooker so that if the cooker is left unattended for too long it would shut itself off.10. So many people died despite the claim that the building was fire proof since the fire escapes had collapsed and the exits were not equal for the workers, a stampede ensued which led to the workers falling on each some other on the way down the stairs, The exit door to the building was locked, and the lack of fire alarms led to the workers on the nineth floor not knowing early enough that a fire had ensued meaning they did not have enough time to exit the

Critically discuss the effectiveness of parliamentary and judicial Essay

Critically discuss the effectiveness of parliamentary and judicial cantrols over delegated jurisprudence in the face legal system - Essay ExampleLegislation made by delegated legislation should be created in harmony with the purposes stipulated in the Act. The role of delegated legislation is to enables the UK regime to amend laws without waiting for new Acts of Parliament to be passed in the house.Its worth noting that delegated legislation can also be used to create good changes to a law, for instance altering sanctions in a given statute. Local Authority also has power confer to them under some statutes to enables them to create delegated legislation and also to make law that suits their ara (Jayakumar, 2005, pg. 89). The delegated legislation offers a very important function in the making of laws in UK legal system as there exists more delegated legislation enacted every year than there exist Acts of Parliament. Moreover, delegated legislation has similar legal standing as t he Act of Parliament which it was made. These are clear justifications that the question of effectiveness of judicial and parliamentary control over the delegated legislation is a weighty issue to examine in the UK legal system.It would be inappropriate to assume that parliamentary control over delegated legislation is actually a burning issue in a country where well-nigh voters would in all likelihood be acquainted with what delegated legislation is about. Its because of this that it is hard to come across members of any of UK parliaments ready to take much interest regarding the matter. N singletheless it is of great significance, since unregulated delegated legislation provides a fertile field for UK government despotism as well as bossy interference by the bureaucrats. Therefore, it not wrong for one to say parliamentary control over delegated legislation is somehow ineffective. Delegated laws at times create much more effects on the lives of common citizens compared to most a cts of parliament.In the UK, most delegated legislation

When should we discard explanations that are intuitively appealing Essay

When should we discard explanations that are intuitively appealing - Essay ExampleIntuition is castigate in most of other times, though. The dilemma comes in knowing when to actually accept this reasoning based purely on feeling, otherwise called guts, or to just ignore it and go for the hard facts. Thus, there is a question whether we should discard explanations that are intuitively appealing or not.According to Gillman, in his concur of luck, he speaks of intuition being in support of reason and without working against reason at all (20). In saying so, we can choose to obligate explanations that are intuitively appealing. There have been cases where intuition has proved to be the friend of reason but still it falls short of what it actually is. splanchnic Attitudes and feelings attitudes and feelings that are innate are able to create a quite reliable trend of behavior. They are able to forecast a way in which a person will behave at a later time in the future the analyzed attit udes. However, when a person is asked to examine his/her attitudes in advance displaying them then this wont foretell his/her ensuing behavior. They will consciously examine him/her ruling out the intuitive factor.Comprehending Personality Traits Human beings do not fall short when it comes to social intelligence instead, they have a tremendous amount of this. For instance, if people were shown short clips of teachers in a class, it is likely that their evaluations would be pretty similar, based on their intuition, to those of the teachers actual students. Instantaneous appraisals of a persons characters are, thus, usually proved true, therefore, making them as good as the long-term impressions.Intuition and being in touch with our own bodies Intuition, being an emotional reaction, is usually an expression of what our bodies are experiencing or otherwise feeling. This makes them a at first hand expression of what is actually happening to us, quite believable. It is usually the mi nd which is in sync with the body by

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example howevermore the report has also presented the grocery storeing strategy by which Philip Morris can grab the intended market segment. Finally the report has also highlighted some of the contingency innovations as well as the budget for the coming three years. Table of Contents Tobacco habit 4 Philip Morris A Brief Introduction 5 Situation Analysis 5 Industry Analysis 5 Market Characteristics 7 Consumer Analysis 8 Competitor Analysis 8 Product Offerings 9 SWOT Analysis 9 Market Research and Information 10 Marketing outline 11 Missions and Values 11 Marketing Objectives 11 Financial Objectives 11 Target Market Segment 12 Positioning 12 Broad Overall Strategy 12 Marketing Mix 13 Financials 14 Control Procedures 14 Contingency Plan 15 References 16 Appendices 18 Tobacco Consumption The tobacco plant manufacturing consists of a number of corporations that manufactures and sells tobacco and its related product all over the world. However among the t obacco products cig arettes are the most popular. Studies reveal that there are billions of smokers around the world, although the figure dipped due regime interventions. The interference of Governments of respective countries and banning of cigarettes in few places has hugely affected the sales of cigarettes. Also the wellness issues of cigarettes are impacting in the sales. Despite of the economic downturn and health issues the industry bears contradiction with elevated demands. In the context of the US market, the volume of the tobacco industry is simply huge however the industry has suffered greatly from the mid 1990s, when various states of the country had officially banned smoking of cigarettes. The states also highlighted that cigarettes causes cancer and all the companied indulged in this business knew the fact, but they intentionally understated their findings about the ill effects of it. This has led to the death and severe illness of a number of smokers around the world. Further the US government incorporated a number of policies and laws in order to prohibit the selling of products related to tobacco. Despite of such strong rules and policies from the US government the industry maintained its strong hold. There are large numbers of cigarette companies operation within the US market and hence the level of rivalry is intense. Some of the evident companies that operate in the markets of US include Philip Morris, British American Tobacco (BAT), Universal Corporation, Standard Commercial, DIMON, Reynolds American, Lorillard Tobacco Company, and Vector Groups Liggett unit (Yahoo Finance, n.d.). virtually of the tobacco companies operating in the markets of US spend huge bucks for promoting their products (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). In order to be more competitive the confederation take to develop a sound marketing plan which will ensure higher visibility of their brand in the market place. Hence the marketing plan for Philip Morris is developed accordingly. Now to start off with the development of marketing plan a brief introduction of the company has been presented below. Philip Morris A Brief Introduction Philip Morris is a US based firm specializes in the manufacturing and selling of tobacco products. It is the US division of Altria Group Inc. Among the product mix of the company, it gives special emphasis to its cigarette segment. The company is currently headquartered in Richmond, Virginia

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market Research Paper

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgarias market - Research Paper ExampleBulgaria has been fitting to attract a significant level of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the year 2001. The financial Crisis that hit Bulgaria market in the year 2007-2010 marked an sparing decline of up to 5.5% in the year 2009. Fortunately, the soil regained a positive growth of close to 0.2 % in the year 2010, contrary to the rest of Balkan Countries (Lapteacru, 85). The country operates exploitation one of the most stable currencies in Eastern Europe the Lev termed Leva when in plural form. The currency is pegged with the Euro with a prevailing rate of 1.95583in every Euro. Bulgarian strongest sectors include the energy, metallurgy, machine building, mining, agriculture and tourism. The primary exports from the industries include steel and iron, machinery and refined terminate, and clothing. The major obstacles towards foreign investment and economic growth involve inadequate R&D fundi ng coupled with the development policies with unclear definition. The European and international markets also experiences lower levels of competition and productivity. In the year 2012, the Bulgarian GDP attained a nominal of $ 50.78 billion, with $ 103.15 billion (PPP) in the same year. This marked a growth of 0.8% with a nominal of $ 6, 903. The GD per capita ranked at $ 14, 020 (PPP) with 5.6% in Agriculture, 31.1% in manufacturing and 63.2% in service. In the year 2012, inflation rate was experienced at 3%, with a population of 215 living under the poverty line by the year 2011. The Gini Co efficient ranked 28.2 in the year 2007 (Bulgarian - American Credit Bank AD 1200). The sources of wealth Top company profiles by name, gross/profit, and ownership Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas locates at B urgas, Bulgaria. Lukoil acts as the chief oil refinery company in Bulgaria and South East Europe. The ownership of the company lies under Russian rock oil giant LUKOIL. The refinery accounts f or close to 7% of Bulgarias GDP, AND 25% in revenue to the state budget. LNB remains the chief producer and supplier handling liquid fuel and related materials including petrochemicals and polymers in the country, and remains the leading company in the line of petroleum related products in Europe. The company provides a minimum of 8,500 Bulgarians with employment opportunities (Elenkov and Petkova 4). tog up more geared towards Bulgarian economy as a whole rather than Private Wealth market Strengths A better part of the Bulgarian communist period concentrated on heavy patience despite the fact that biochemical and computer products came in play as valuable products in the year 1980. Since Bulgarian market relied on the Soviet market, the culmination soviet market coupled with the Warsaw Pact resulted into a major crisis that hit the country in the year 1990s. The first growth noted in the year 2000 has seen gradual but progressive growth the early 2000. Individual manufacturing in dustries performance appears uneven. The industry that experienced loss and has not been able to catch up with the Western Europe market includes food and tobacco processing companies. The textile industries experienced a decline in the mid-1990s, but since the year 2000 the clothing exports has experienced a steady growth (Erd?nc 78). The Bulgarian economy has experienced stability in the macroeconomic environment with low direct taxes over the years. The fiscal policy of the country also tends to have a significant element of

Litature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Litature - Essay ExampleAmerican Revolution and the declaration of independence play a vital role in the process of identity shaping and one can find the subterranean interrelation between American literary productions and American identity. Technologies and electronic developments affect the reading habit and it also influences the literature in America.American Renaissance is often considered as a hopeful movement that visualized America as the real descendant to the great Hesperian civilization. Renaissance which occurred in mid 19th century has paved the way for an overall change in American social as well as literary filed. During the periods of 1800 to 1870, most of the American masterpieces were produced. After a detailed analysis of the history of American literature one can see that after metempsychosis writers in America followed a new style or method of storytelling and versification. The expression of national spirit is another major characteristic of new American sty le. Current political and cultural sphere is filled with the evilness of terrorism and other types of crisis. One can feel that literature should illustrate or mull over the evilness and futility of terrorism and other regional polarizations.The exponents of transcendentalism have focused in a new culture based on native rudiments or Americans. American ideal of individual consciousness and actions is the most significant feature of American style. Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the striking figures in Renaissance literature has minded(p) more emphasis on the philosophy of self reliance which represents the need for the individual to check most of all types of social customs and to change ideas by the commonly accepted standards and values of the community. Self- reliance, individualistic power, enthusiastic feelings about the fascination of power, superior human intelligence and the philosophy of action are visible in American writings during Renaissance period. All

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Essay

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA - Essay ExampleThe principles and procedures of genetics were first advance(a) by Gregory Mendel, who performed a series of experiments that pointed the existence of genes.Mendel performed experiments through selective cross breeding of pea plants over generations. He discovered that some traits show in matter without any blending with parents. For example, an offspring of a cross-pollinated purple flowered and white coloured pea plant did not rise to intermediate colours. The offspring in the first generation were in a ratio of 31 and the second-generation self-cross gave rise to a 11 ratio. Mendel therefore concluded that hereditary pattern of traits is determined by units that are passed to offspring unchanged. Secondly, that an individual will inherit one unit from each parent for each trait and that the trait does not show up in the first generation, but will eventually in the subsequent generations. According to Mendel, the dom inant allele masked the presence of the recessionary allele in the F1 generation. His work gave rise to two genetic principles. Firstly, the law of segregation that states that for any trait alleles separate, only one passes from the parent to the offspring. Secondly, the principle of free lance assortment which states that alleles are passed from the parent to the offspring independent of each other (Bortz, 2014). Following the discovery of Mendelian principles, T.H. Morgan performed experiments on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster because of their incompatible body features that can help distinguish males and females. He observed the colour of their eyes, shape of wings and body shape. The choice of characteristics was distinctive for crossing because of the pronounced phenotypes.in the beginning Mendels discoveries, evolutionary scientists like Charles Darwin believed that traits in an organism are selected through natural selection where the fittest organisms survived pha sing out the least adaptable species.

Popular culture-Respond to questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular culture-Respond to questions - Essay ExampleAs land continuously became scarce, the Ameri fag end frontier concept evolved the great land expanse to the frontiers such as ocean and space exploration, which were less tangible. Shames asserts that had the supply of more carried on indefinitely, expansion would could be a goal in itself. This would give rise to a value system founded on bulk rather than quality of life. Therefore, the American situation instantly is based on the fact that there is less to be had (Shames et al 93).According to Shames, there are links between the history of the American frontier and consumer behaviour. The connection stems from the American culture of wanting more, which is non easily satisfied, which is synonymous to the frontier history. In this sense, the more is better sentiment that emerged during the frontier era has not changed and is muted evident in consumer behaviour. He further points out that the sense of quality among American co nsumers has lagged behind that of scale. Therefore, both the American consumer and the frontier history are not quite about the quality of what one gets but rather, quantity. In the frontier history, people were more concerned about the acreage of land they would acquire and not its quality. In a similar manner, the modern consumer behaviour focuses more on how much the consumer can get rather than the quality of what they are purchasing (Shames et al 94).Retailers make use of spatial organisation design to affect consumers buying habits and their behavior. Depending on how stores use their space to arrange merchandise, they can determine how easily consumers can locate what they are shopping for. The idea of displaying the latest designs of clothes on the right hand side of the entrance to American shops was informed by the notion that people tend to walk the way they drive. On the same note, that is why fast-food outlets are

Evolution of Human Skin Colour Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Human Skin Colour EssaySkin cancer can be caused by many things the first base is getting too much exposure to sun. The UV rays come in contact with your fur and reaction occurs which makes your skin tan or burn. The UV rays from bonny one sunburn can dam suppurate your skin and cause you to become more at risk of getting skin cancer. An different cause of skin cancer could be genetics, if your someone in your family had skin cancer the mutated gene could possibly get passed down to you and you could direct a higher risk of development skin cancer. One last cause of skin cancer is if someone has a lot of moles.If there are many moles some could be affected which means it is more likely that one mole could be or could turn cancerous. 2. Caucasians are more at risk of skin cancer than other populations because Caucasians have fair skin. Fair skinned people dont have much pigment/melanin in their skin which means theyre little protected by the suns UV radiation. Other populations such as African-Americans would be less at risk of getting skin cancer because they have scores of melanin in their skin to block the UV rays. 3.A lifetime of sun exposure will obviously increase a persons chances in developing skin cancer so as you get older the risk increases. Most diagnoses are made when people are over the age of 50 but if someone is highly exposed to the sun frequently the cancer could occur earlier than 50. The incidence of skin cancer is greater in old age because someone who is older would have accumulated all the sun exposure over the years and someone who is younger would not have been exposed to as much sun which lowers their chances of developing skin cancer at their age.

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay Example for Free

Video farinaceous and console gaming addiction essayIn recent years gaming addiction (computer game addiction, console gaming addiction, or even excessive play on portable systems) has original increased attention not only from the media, but also from psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health organizations, and gamers themselves. Gaming addiction is not yet classified as a mental health disorder or true addiction like gambling or alcohol addiction.However, some gamers clearly struggle to keep their playing habits under control and may place more importance on their gaming accomplishments than their happiness and success in the real world (e. g. , academic achievement, friendships, relationships, course advancement, health, etc.).B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many people or computer engagementrs have their thoughts and questions about online games. But this is some common questions that we will have to acknowledge a.Why do students easily get addicted in computer/online g ames? b. What are the harmful effects in getting addicted to computer/online games?C. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY This ruminate aimed to know why many student easily get addicted to computer games and the harmful effects of computer/online games. D. DEFINITION OF TERMS Addiction- is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such(prenominal) behaviors. Online Game- is a video game played over some form of computer network, using a personal computer or video game console. This network is usually the internet or equivalent technology, but games have always used whatever technology was current modems before the Internet, and hard fit terminals before modems. The expansion of online gaming has reflected the overall expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the growth of internet access itself.

Outlining Career Goals Essay Example for Free

Outlining C arer Goals EssayFor this unit, you leave write a 3-5 page paper (excluding title and savoir-faire pages) summarizing what you have intimate about your chosen profession so far. It should be double-spaced, 12-point font, and use proper APA citations. Be sure you use the Writing Center and ask your instructor either questions before the assignment is due. See below for details.Incorporating your reading and research thus far in the course, write a 3-5 page paper (APA style), excluding title and reference pages, regarding your chosen profession. Your paper should include the following sectionsoverview of the professioneducational requirements including any(prenominal) relevant certifications or credentials current issues relevant to your profession,summary of your career goals, andwhere you chat yourself in 5 years.Your paper should include an introduction, topic sentence, supporting statements for each paragraph, and a conclusion. You will be graded not only on th e cognitive content solely your writing and format. Please see the project rubric located in the course syllabus.Outlining Career GoalsKeyanna ReticKaplan UniversityDepending upon the size of the facility, location, and specialty, duties of a medical assistant may vary. Medical assistant specialty is to complete all clinical tasks and administrative tasks in hospitals, physician purposes, and other health care clinics. Their duties may include taking a patients vital signs and history, arranging appointments for patients, friending the physician with examinations, following physician orders and administering injections, and preparing blood samples for testing. When obtaining all the patients information, it is important for Medical Assistants to deliver the patients information private and is not to be discussed with anyone but other physicians who are snarled with the patients. They discipline in clean environments and relate with the patients, doctors and other medical pro fessionals. Medical assistants are very quick and are required to complete a certain amount of tasks on a daily basis. They usually work 40 hours a week but some may work only part- judgment of conviction.There are different types of Medical Assistants and different duties depending on where the Medical Assistant practices. There are tierce types of medical assistants administrative, specialized, and clinical. Administrative medical assistants are basically responsible for organizing all information in the facility. Specialized medical assistants deal with assisting in operating rooms, x-rays, help doctors administer eye care, instruct on contact lens usage, and work in all other types of specialized treatment centers. Clinical medical assistants generally assist the doctors in the examination room and perform duties such as, drawing blood, administer medication, vital signs, change dressings, prep patients for x-rays and keeping work environment clean.Medical assistants have to develop how to multi-task. Sponsors believe that medical assistants are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time get used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in brainiac of the patients beliefs.There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and attest for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a plentiful priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this line of work will posit things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having th e love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy.On the job training is a faster way to decease a medical assistant and it is possible to inception a career in medical assisting that way although many people prefer to go through a training program or befool appropriate education. Typical medical assistant training programs lead to a degree or certificate, and last one or two years, respectively (QuinStreet, Inc, 2003-2012). The accusation on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) is medical assistant programs that the medical assistants go through to receive internships at clinics or hospitals.Medical terminology, physiology and anatomy, medical law, ethics, and patient relations are medical courses to be taken upon medical training. Keyboarding, record-keeping, accounting procedures, and insurance processing are office training courses. First aid, laboratory and clinical procedure s, and administering medications are taught to students in the program. But although there is no national licensing requirements, depending on the state that the medical assistant decides to work in, medical assistants may have to receive a license to complete certain duties. One of several agencies certifies medical assistants and it is very important to get certified if medical assistants decide to apply for entry level positions.My first priority in starting my career as a medical assistant is to become certified first. Setting goals is one of the best methods that I can do in order to achieve and become a medical assistant. As a medical assistant, a goal that I would like to accomplish is getting involved in activities such as the American Association of Medical Assistants. The AAMA suffer education opportunities so that medical assistants can enhance their educational skills and it offers seminars to attend.Getting involved in programs can help lead to career improvements and getting involved is another goal I have set for myself to push me former. I would also like to become certified in different palm. The more fields I am certified in, the more money I will make and have more job duties to perform. As I move forward in my career, I will make it my goal to push myself harder into taking on high quality task and responsibilities. I will work superfluous hard to get promoted and receive other opportunities in my field, like becoming office manager.I am prepared to learn new things and enhance my association. If any opportunities come my way, I am open and acceptable to anything. I am willing to put forth effort my success and stay dedicated as a medical assistant. I can see a clear picture of myself in a physicians office putting my knowledge to work and doing what I love which is helping others.I can see myself advancing and making everyone proud. I know that it will take some time for me to complete all that I need to but in the end it will be wort h the wait. In 5 years I wish to settle into an office where I know I will retire from and be happy. But the main thing for me is, that I will go with the turn tail and according to my facility I work in. I will just have to make wise decisions and keep my head up. I will never settle for less and work really hard and accept everything that I know I deserve. If trials and tribulations get in the way, I know that I will need to keep pushing forward.Medical assistants have to learn how to multi-task. They are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time getting used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in mind of the patients beliefs.There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and certified for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a big priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this job will make things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having the love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy.ReferencesQuinStreet, Inc. (2003-2012). Healthcare careers Your information resource for education, training, and schools in the medical and allied healthcare fields. Retrieved from www.health-care-careers.org/medical-assistant-career-training.htmlBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. plane section of Labor, Occupational Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Medical Assistant, on the Internet at www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/medical-assistants.htmSponsors. (n.d.). Medical assisting career job and training information. Ret rieved from www.awesomelibrary.org/medical-assisting-career.html

Development of Nano Technologies

Development of Nano TechnologiesIntroductionExtensive work has been put into the investigate of nanotechnology capabilities in the past decade and the recoupings have opened a new range of multi-functional materials in the industry. However, a major issue faced today is incorporating nano-particles into the final abstruse structure by using current infrastructure. New developments in the field, such as multifunctional materials with enhanced electrical, thermal and mechanical properties argon required by several industrial applications. This review is an attempt at showing the most recent and representative performances of nano-enabling technologies reported in literature. The focus of this review is on the ii main manufacturing technologies used in aerospace industry Autoclave (or Pre-preg pre-impregnated composite fibres), and rosin Transfer Moulding (RTM) technologies. It looks at several approaches used in the nano-enabling of composites for the aforementioned paths and pr esents the a la mode(p) reported results from literature. Finally, this work shows the difference between available integration nano-technology and future developments that are currently in demand for aerospace applications.Since the early 90s, micro- and nano-phase in polymers have been favored ways to mitigate material performance in various structural (such as strength, stiffness, energy absorption and thermal stability) and non-structural functionalities (such as thermal conductivity, energy reposition and structural health monitoring). There are mainly two routes to creating nano-enabled composites nano-augmentation (random and homogenous distribution of nano-particles in the material) and nano-engineering (pre-organized distribution of nano-particles) 5. These methods are considered the most promising in regards to multi-functionality increase performance and integrating possibilities. 6Such materials, also called hierarchical composites may gain new properties from nano- scale incorporation as well as benefiting from the advantages of traditional structural (Fig. 2). Since the early 00s, pregnant economical efforts have been invested in the research of such innovative materials. The aerospace industry has been a leader in this development, requiring high performance materials with high durability to extreme point environment conditions. Fibre reinforced composites are used in applications such as structural panels, satellite platform and solar array substrates. These applications can improve through nanotechnology with development in permeability for cryogenic tanks and durability to diffusion species, space station oxidation resistance, mechanical toughness against structure damage, high modulus for stalls and precision structures, interlaminar shear strength for tubular structures, electrical conductivity for electrical dissipation and lightning strike protection, etc.8. In this review, nano-enabling of composites methods are presented from the processing and manufacturing point of view. The works sight is focused on near term application. Firstly, all the steps of each technique are identified, and then the options available for nano-scale phase integration are evaluated. The evolving trends are presented alongside through reported performance of novel composite material systems. Lastly, the expected near and long-term progress is reviewed.Main BodyThis review focuses on the two most commonly used technologies Autoclave/ Prepreg and RTM. Prepreg technology is currently most used in aerospace industry for manufacturing high performance components while the last mentioned is used as an alternative for large complex shapes. The differences between the two techniques can be observed in the state of the fibre reinforcement (dry or wet) and the set methods (sterilizer i.e. heating in a container, or out-of-autoclave curing). Most of the space structures are assembled from prepreg systems, which are set up on moulds and cure d in an autoclave 3. With RTM, the fibre that forms in dry state is preassembled to form the preform reinforcement and it is used for complex shapes that can be more readily made than some other moulding techniques. With these methods covered, it is thought that the majority of composite production technologies for aerospace industry are addressed.Pre-impregnated composite manufacturing routeThis method is considered the most entrusted for producing high performance aerospace structures. Prepregs are truly flexible, being able to cover various material needs given proper selection of the matrix and the fibre. Currently, due to the well-established prepregs, autoclave and automated laminating manufacturing industries, it is crucial to find methods that allow the incorporation of nanotechnology in prepregs without changing already developed steps in composite manufacturing. The conventional process for Autoclave Cured Prepreg Composite Manufacturing is mapped in Fig. 3. The process starts with the preparation of the available materials which are then manually or automatically laid-up with the required layers cut to the shape and size from the roll, based on the composite component requirements. Vacuum, combined with high temperature and closet is used to assist a controlled resin flow in the elimination of entrapped air until the final cure of the part. Afterwards, when the temperature and pressure are brought to ambient levels, the part is demolded and tempering and finishing is applied. In some cases (for example high performance polymers), a post-curing cycle may be required.Resin transfer molding composite manufacturing routeRTM can be used to describe various techniques in aerospace industry 10, 11, such as Vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) and Resin Film Infusion (RFI). Generally, RTM is a process that belongs to out-of-autoclave manufacturing, where liquid resin is injected in a dry fibrous enclosed preform until the final curing of the part. RTM is a cost e ffective process when the component production numbers are high (

Strategies in the management of Human Resources

Strategies in the homosexualagement of Human mental imagerysThe contemporary moving in geological formationes environment is continuously changing due to the reaching of the reading based, familiarity driven, service intensive economy. Managers today argon recognizing that swiftness, flexibility and continuous self-re untestedal are required in the organization. As plurality are the play one assets in the organizations and companies, the daily assembly line tasks and functions great deal non be completed without people. The skilled and motivated people are the central point in the operation of companies in the new age. HRM is to help an organization to couple strategicalal goals by attracting, move and maintaining employees and withal to manage them leg all(prenominal)y.Attracting and retaining the quality round is the militant vantage for many organizations in challenging frugal environment. on that point are two main approaches to attracting and retaining emp loyees by the strategies employer of choice and employee engagement.Employer of choice has break down in HRM in contemporary subscriber line new-fangled years. It is representative of a whole new design of corporate culture. Employer of choice is applied in the club priorities by most victorious and respected business leaders today. Now more than and more employers are using an employer of choice dodge by providing and adduceing varieties of employee wins in order to attract and retain take up people. There are four measurements for monitoring the social clubs deed. In addition to market share, consistent financials and being a valuable corporate citizen, the fundamental element for a successful company is being an employer of choice. When companies are losing talent and experienced staff, the companies are losing professionals and expertise that gained at company expense, hard -built customer relationship as tumefy that are very hard to replace to eld labour market. To put employer of choice as the top priorities list commode give the company hawkish receipts beca give it fundament attract and retain critical human assets.The employee engagement is becoming very important across the globe as the customer function and employee power are increasing in the modern economic and business world. As 200 companies survey found that it end project $21 million bene score moving a turn overforce of 8000 employees from low take to high direct engagement. And compared with 20% of disengaged the employees, more than 65% engaged employees say that they set out a get around understanding how to meet the customer requirements and needs. Employee engagement chamberpot also make effort on mental and randy commitment to the organization. Engaged employees are voluntary to give extra effort to their job that can lead to increase the productivity. Some searches show that the employee engagement system makes an average less than three days sick leave per year than six days for the disengaged employeesA successful employee engagement strategy helps create a community at the disciplineplace and not just a grazeforce. When employees are effectively and positively engaged with their organisation, they form an emotional connection with the company. This affects their attitude towards both their colleagues and the companys clients and remedys customer satis featureion and service levels.As the question mentioned that the companies must reject the idea that the loyalty is dead among todays employees. The company has to create a challenging environment that can attract and retain people. I totally agree this conception that employee royalty and satisfactory can be build up by employee engagement. It make employee make effort to the organization from coginitive level, emotional level and physical level. Engaged employees always think nigh the company, feel inspired by their job, they are customer revolve arounded in their approach, th ey care about the future of the company and are prepared to invest their own effort to see that the organization succeeds. It is now a generally ac acquaintanced business fact that employee engagement is a key driver of business success.Employee engagement strategy can be applied no matter in small or large companies. It benefits the organizations and individuals, improving the performance, boosting the bottom line and makes employees happier and the work more enjoyable. However, it is not always the win-win situation. Some organization use employee engagement that can drive work intensification. It would obviously run this risk of being detrimental to the individuals concerned. The organization is expecting the employees to go one step further that can make overtime working normalised. And the over-performance rewarded can leave behind the staffs that just do a good job. In other(a) hand, it is not easy to achieve work-life balance in some superior companies under employee engage ment strategy. The priority of work with long and non-standard hours takes over family and social life. The increasing effort that engaged employees put into the work time make the work and life unbalanced. The latest research shows that the employee engagement by high performance work systems may accrue marginal benefits in terms of the higher(prenominal) level of involvement and commitment. However, these benefits are outweighed by the associated increases in responsibility, workload, work-life spill over and work stress.2. How companies are dealing with the touchages between HR and strategic formulation. strategical Human Resource counselling (SHRM) in an organization can be defined as accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic pardner in the formulation and implementation of the companys strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, study and rewarding personnel. SHRM representation linking of HR with strategic objectives to advance business p erformance and company culture to develop competitive advantage, innovation and flexibility.There are four different levels of linkage between HR strategic and the strategic management branch administrative linkage, one-way linkage, two-way linkage and integrative linkage. These four levels of linkage are very helpful for an organization to categorize which HRM strategy has to be applied.The administrative linkage has no linkage between strategic externalise and HR function. It simply engages in administrative work that has no emphasis placed on achieving the linkage in both strategy formulation and strategy im figuretation. It tensiones on day to day activities and personal management.In one-way linkage, the company develops the strategic plan and then informs the HR function. Although it does recognize the importance of human resources in implementing the strategic plan, it precludes the company from considering human resource issues while formulating the strategic plan.In two- way linkage, he strategic planning team informs the HRM function of the various strategies the company is considering HRM executive directors analyze the human resource implications of the various strategies, presenting the results to the strategic planning team The strategic plan is passed on to the HRM executive, who develops programs to implement it.The Integrative linkage is based on continuing interaction. The HRM function is built right into the strategy formulation and implementation processes.In the higher level linkage such as two-way linkage and integrative linkage are characterized by a close relationship between HRM and business strategies. HRM effectiveness can be explained by examine the contributions of the HRM function in the process of achieving strategic integration. In both of the short term and long term, SHRM should concomitant and contribute to the improvement of the productive capacity of enterprises.Strategic business partner a subprogram performed by HR practitioners, aiming to execute organisational strategy by line up HR processes with the organisational strategy.HR managers become able to reengineer the way HR segment executes its job, accomplishes those transactional HR jobs cost-competitively, and increasingly turnits attention to truly being a strategic partner with the firms top executivesWith an integrative linkage, strategic planners consider all the people-related business issues before making a strategic choice. These issues are identified with regard to the mission, goals, opportunities, threats, strengths and weakness, direct the strategic planning team to make a more intelligent strategic choice. While this process does not guarantee success, companies that address these issues are more likely to make a choice that go out ultimately succeed.Research has supported the need to have HR executives integrally knobbed in strategy formulation.The level of HR involvement was positively related to the refinery managers e valuation of the effectiveness of the HR function.HR involvement was highest when top managers viewed employees as a strategic asset and this was associated with reduce turnover.HR practices that are properly implemented do deliver significant financial benefits to an organization. ( profitability, shareholder return, stock prices and organizational survival)Administrative linkage level will either become more integrated or face extinction. In addition, companies will move toward becoming interactively linked in an effort to strategically manage human recourses. Integrating the HR function into strategy formulation may help the strategic planning team make the most effective strategic choice. Once the strategic choice is determined, HR must take the active role in its implementation.HR is emerging as the key concept in assessing the competitive assets of organizations. HR managers and professionals, by virtue of their cognition of human performance, are easy positioned to exercise strategic leadership and contribute significantly to a firms competitive advantage. Therefore, the company has to create opportunities for the HR function to develop a more strategic role in a firms operation (Lawler Mohrman, 2003).As the reaching of the global economy, the HRM has more challenges to create an environment to maintain the competitive advantages. In order to become a strategic partner in the organization, the HR executive must have the abilities to research and training that from being ac experience of the HR concepts, logic and practices. HR executives have to show the competencies which add more look upon to the organization. The role of HRM is becoming more creative and strategic to adapt the diversitys of worldwide workforce constructions. More and more high performing companies have HR executive involved in business at a strategic level. There are four major factors of competencies related to how well an HR professional contributes in a strategic way to busi nesses in areas such as strategic decision making, culture management, fast potpourri, and market driven connectivity.Previously, organization structured on a centralized and compartmentalized basis-head office, marketing, manufacturing, financing etc. By the end of the 1980s, HR contend largely on administrative work that focus on HR operations and treat standardisation and technology which has no connection with the strategic management. The role of HR traditionally in the organization is no more than a one- way linkage role. They were doing what the business manager wanted.In recent years, theres a fundamental reassessments of human resources structures and positions.The massive change of business conditions, organizational structure and strategic decision makers has been direct HR to develop their perspectives and functions. Today, senior management expects HR to move beyond its traditional. HR is more tightly linked to corporate strategy and to creating business value throu gh HR run that address a companys most pressing strategic challenges. HR now seek t alter and to integrate their operations and developing cross-functional teams. HR is anticipating critical workforce trends, shaping and executing business strategy, identifying and addressing people-related risks and regulations, enhancing workforce performance and productivity, and offering new HR services to help a company improve and grow.In order to become a strategic partner in the company, the HR executives need to fulfil quin challenges to help the company to achieve critical goals.Posses and use their fellowship of how people can and do play a role in competitive advantage as well as policies, programs and practices that can leverage the companys people as a source of competitive advantageFirstly, knowledge management is essential for competitive advantage for helping HR to play an important role in developing company culture for organizational learning as a strategic partner. With knowl edge management, business success is achieved in a culture of learning and workplace planning. The Research Quarterly found that the HR executives can leverage the company people through knowledge management, for competitive advantage in a challenging economy. HR executive and professionals has to acquire the knowledge and skills that are necessarily link HR to stakeholder value. And HR related policies, programs and rules can have a fundamental influence on workforce behavior that helping company to achieve the competitive advantages.To become the strategic partner, it requires HR executive to be involved in transferring knowledge. HR professionals must know how to perfect policies and practices, how to manage the learning that results from any change or execution process associated with new business structures. And HR executives need to have multiple channels to make sure the engagement of business strategies.HR executives must demonstrate business knowledge includes not only how it fulfills its mission, but also how it serves its customers and differentiates itself from its competitors. When HR professionals demonstrate their understanding of what is driving their business, they will add value by mobilizing the right workforce with the right skills to achieve the business goals of enterprise.Knowledge management requires knowledge managers. Key business resources like labor and enceinte have substantial organizational functions devoted to their management. Knowledge wont be well managed until some group in spite of appearance a rm has clear responsibility for the job. Among the tasksthat such a group might perform are collecting and categorizing knowledge establishing a knowledge oriented technology infrastructure, and monitoring the use of knowledge.HR need to have clear strategies, outcomes, products , services and structuresSo the HR staff can achieve their goals and deliver the necessary outcomes.HR staff can do this to fulfilling for management role sStrategic HR role- aligns HR and business strategy and delivers the executive of strategyHR executives must be able to translate business needs in HR strategies to build up individual, team and organizational capabilities. HR strategy should be directly relevant to business requirement and delivering value that lead to an intense focus on structural realignment for HR teams. It requires HR to have competing perspectives, values and services. It also involved meeting stakeholder need for respect and ownership. HR executives need to widen the focus on learning new behaviours, changing attitudes and processes.Management of company infrastructure role- reengineers organization processes and builds an efficient infrastructureManagement of employee contribution role- listening and responding the employees- employee commitment and qualification is increasedTransformation and change role- ensuing the organization has the capacity for change and delivers a renewed organizationHRIS- HR info rmation systems- technology is facilitating the transformation of HR functionHRIS is designed to help provide information used in HR decision making such as administration, payroll, recruiting, training, and performance analysis. HRIS makes HR department working more effective to handle daily administrative tasks. Using the value-added approach to justify the HRIS expenditure links the system with the key business solicitude of the organization, and makes the critical of HR information to business success. The HRIS becomes not just a way to reduce administrative costs, but a key element of the business strategies. In additional to providing a framework of justifying HRIS expenditure as a strategic investment, the value-added approach emphasizes the role of HR as an active strategic partner in achieving the originations strategic business objectives Technology is facilitating the transformation of HR function. These technology solutions can cover multiple HR tasks, such as recruitin g, benefits administration, and training administration. Applications and data are usually shared in common across the company, with links to other systems in services centre operations, finance, and accounting as well as third-party systems for such tasks as payroll and benefits.Modern HRIS are comprehensive, accurate and openingible systems for recording employee and work data relevant to HRM, HR and organizational planning. HRIS helps the organization to improve strategic planning and program development and faster information processing times.By increasing administrative efficiency, technology allows HR to have fewer staff marking more value-added contributions to their organizations. The rapid evolution of electronic HR delivery systems is pushing more information in more usable formats to employees and managers who can use it directly for the benefit of their organizations.Fast and cheap access to accurate real time HR informationAccess and the ability to analyse, assess, i nterpret, manipulate, leverage and share the information effectively will be key to giving organizations a strategic edge. Successful data mining will be made possible by the use of date warehouses with their ability to consolidate internal and external information with powerful analytical toolsUbiquitous access to information to improve employee effectiveness and efficiency.This means working from anywhere and at anytime, the size, format, the footprint of technology deliverables will more from departmental desktop devices operating under the full control of the user organization to a mixture of hand-held, pocket-sized, integrated devices and wireless linkage that provide needed access on a real time basis to centralized processing and data storage capabilities. Instant access to all needed knowledge and to essential meaningful data will be a keystone for the successful enterprise.A variety of analytics and decision trees.Smart self-service.Customized content.HR executives must imp lement the new plans or programs. HR executive must have the skills to oversee the change in a way that ensures it success. Change was more successfully where HR professionals had been involved in developing the vision of the organisation, strategic planning, the change required and where the HR manage was well paid and reported directly to CEO.In previous times, change is constant. HR executives like scanning, scenario building and search conferences can help to shout the future and manage change. However, the most effective HR executives will not depend on formulas but will develop their strategic intelligence including foresight, partnering with people who complement their strengths, visioning with systems thinking, motivating and empowering their collaborators to realize their visions to create a winning future for their organizations.HR executives must have integration competence, the ability to integrative the three other competencies to increase the companys value. Although specialist knowledge is necessary, a generalist perspective must be taken in making decisions. This means that how HR all functions fit together to be effective and recognising that changes in any one part of HR package are likely to requires changes in other parts of the package.There are a few competencies the HR executives have to master to become a strategic partner. The integration competency is one of the most important that can integrate the other three competencies together to increase the organizations value. HR executives are playing the role as connecting hiring, training and worker evaluations via organizational competencies. From talent map and planning to performance evaluation, recruitment, retention and even benefits administration, todays human capital professionals are constantly seeking new ways to streamline, integrate and align human capital functions with broader corporate objectivesThe organization management has to realize that it is very important to have a n integrated and consistent technology platform for HRM. The more integration between activities as diverse as recruitment, payroll and benefits management, training/development and performance measurement, the better HR executives can be at overall workforce planning and managing and motivating individual workers. As the result, the organization can be more effectiveThese developments lead to an entirely new set of competencies for todays strategic Hr executive. The new strategic role of HR shows both opportunities and challenges. These include forming a series of partners with senior executives, line managers and external providers of HR services.As companies cope with the economy, HR can be instrumental in helping organizations leverage knowledge-based resources for business results. As highlighted in Creating citizenry Advantage, critical HR challenges focus on three strategic categories, all related to knowledge management 1) developing and retaining the best employees (talent , leadership development, work/life balance) 2) anticipating change (demographics, change, cultural transformation, globalization) and 3) enabling the organization (becoming a learning organization). (4) As indicated in a SHRM April 2009 poll of U.S.-based organizations and multinational companies, the primary focus of companies now is workforce planning. Although hiring expectations are low, talent management priorities remain high despite the economic downturn (see Figure 1Competitive challenges influencing HRMThe challenge of HR innovationKnowledge managementIt is no secret that knowledge is power. Knowledge management can create competitive advantage for a company and its customers. By sharing information and best practices, organizations create expanded opportunities for market share and financial growth. Furthermore, knowledge management provides a means for organizations to differentiate themselves from competitors. Second, KM can create a truly customer-focused culture. Appr opriate organization resources can be directed toward work customer problems or meeting customer needs quickly and effectively.Third, knowledge management can be a catalyst. Through tools, resources, and systems, it can help awake creativity and innovation in the development of an organizations products and services. Fourth, KM can improve time to market. By leveraging best practices, learning and other time-savers to improve productivity, products can be introduced faster. Last, KM can expand a companys strategic options. By leveraging intellectual property in research and development efforts as well as overall market and business strategy, organizations can discover new ways to create value. Knowledge management can provide an organization with man benefits. Organizations can more effectively counter problems and threats and can respond more proactively to opportunities. In a knowledge based economy, managing knowledge along with other resources is a requirement, not an option.K nowledge workersSelf-managing, automony, responsibility for continuing innovationKnowledge workers in todays workforce are individuals who are valued for their ability to interpret information within a specific subject area. They will often advance the overall understanding of that subject through focused analysis, design and/or development. They use research skills to define problems and to identify alternatives. Fueled by their expertise and insight, they work to solve those problems, in an effort to influence company decisions, priorities and strategiesAs the workers become more knowledge based, firms will need to implement strategic human resource practices in order to retain their dumb knowledge base either by retaining the tacit knowledge or by retaining the knowledge worker and thus retaining a critical competitive advantage. Performance of knowledge based industries depends on organizations attracting, holding, and motivating knowledge workers (Drucker, 2003). The transitio n to knowledge workers is having a significant impact on human resource practices. The knowledge workers must think like entrepreneurs, and the firms must think of the knowledge workers as entrepreneurial professionals as well as ensure a learning organization where tacit knowledge is actively diffused throughout the firm. This will allow the firm to better manage their knowledge resources through HR practices and help sustain their competitive advantage.High-performance work systems (HPWS)- combining people and technology- self-managing work teamsChange in employees work roles and skill requirementThe use of teams to perform workChanges in the nature of managerial workChanges in company structureIncreased ability of HR informationHRM practices in HPWSThe challenge of sustainabilityThe challenge of globalisationThe challenge of attracting and retaining peopleNOKIA CASE- Connecting PeopleExernal and internal peopleNokia is the worlds leading mobile phone supplier and a leading suppli er of mobile and fixed telecom networks including related customer services. Nokias corporate headquarters are in over 120 countries and employees are more than 47000 people worldwide. Human Resource Management plays an important role for Nokia to become the giant among the communication rivals, HRM in the new economy should to be human centric with a strong technology focus. Nokia use the SHRM to leverage on emerging technologies to better satisfy the wants and needs of the knowledge workers and in the process to build a competitive advantages.Nokia Australia is recognized as an employer of choice having been named National Best Employer in 2002 by Best Employer to Work for in Australia Awards sponsored by Hewitt, AGSM and John Fairfax. Nokia is one of only five companies to have consistently featured in the Best ployer category since the inception of these awards.Nokias HR policies have played a key role in helping the company to reach its 45 percent share of the global handset ma rket and industry-leading profit margins of 20 to 25 percent, at a time of technological change and intense competition from Asian manufacturers.At Nokia values are the foundation and people the core. Nokia offer a workplace with a world of opportunities, engaging work, global culture and competitive rewards.The goal of Nokia HR is to create an environment in which all employees can fulfill their potential. It is crucial for the company to have the ability to adapt successfully to the high speed of change in the global market. The scale of Nokias business also means that Nokia employees can lead or participate in projects that have global impact, affecting the lives of millions of people and fulfilling Nokias mission connecting people.Attracting, motivating and retaining people have become the main external influence on Nokias HR strategies. These four elements areThe first element of Nokia HR strategy is the Nokia way and values. Nokia is a networked organization with speed and fle xibility decision making. Nokia provides individuals with a platform for personal growth in a challenge environment with a clear vision, goals and management principles. The Nokia Way brings gifted people together who share the principles and success. Through the extensive employee engagement, Nokia have renewed their values that reflect their business and changing environment. Nokia is continuing engage all the stakeholders and employees to meet the needs of customers. And Nokias HR strategy includes the passion for innovation through new and improved ways and better understanding the world.Professional and personal growth (Challenge of Innovation)Nokia is way on professional and personal growth. Only with truly innovative ideas can make the company and its people to develop the industry and improve the products and services.Commitment to Self-developmentsPeople at Nokia is continuously looking for ways to improve their performance in order to stay at the forefront of technology a nd develop own competencies. Employees are encouraged to create their own development plan and take advantage of the variety of operable learning solutions and methods. On the job learning is heavily encouraged.Nokia has the high-performance work systems (HPWS).First, Employees reward and compensations at Nokia is related to the companys performance.Nokia provides employees with market competitive rewards through a flexible global structure, which can address diverse and changing business and employment environments, as well as specific individual preferences. Nokia rewards employees for good performance, competence development, and for overall company success. This creates a positive and encouraging environment with opportunities for employees to optimize their potential and be rewarded fairly. Higher performance and contribution will lead to higher rewards. The Nokia global market competitive rewards structure addresses the need for flexibility, personalization, empowerment and c ommitment. Second, Nokia has the instruct and management training system. Coaching is regarded as a vital part of continuous learning. Highly skilled colleagues at Nokia provide employees with rich sources of experience and knowledge. Receiving coach and participating in different teams will fuel employees development as well as give them the opportunity, every day, to share ideas and goals with innovators and industry leaders. Employees have access to a wide variety of training activities. Through global network of Learning Centers, Nokia HR aim to offer a consistent standard of training and development to all employees. The Learning Market Place Intranet contains information on all Nokias learning solutions including e-learning as well as classroom training. Management Training Nokia place particular focus on developing managers in management and leadership skills. It is one of the key areas in competence development. There is a full range of training available from new managers programs to senior programs for our more experienced people.Internal Job Market (Changes in the place of work)All employees at Nokia are invited to look at the job opportunities available inside Nokia. All vacancies, with the exception of very senior positions, are advertised internally. Employees are encouraged to improve their competencies through changing their positions. Internal job opportunities, the possibility to register to our internal candidate pool and other services for job-seeking inside the company are available through the Internal Job Market Intranet. The aim is to give Nokia people the opportunity to manage their own careers.Performance ManagementNokia has created a successful performance management system across the whole