Analysis of the Australian Healthcare System

Analysis of the Australian Health manage SystemINTRODUCTIONThe sanitaryness of people belonging to any(prenominal) nation is the prime topic of interest for the government of that very nation. On the same lines, it is very substantial that the wellness system should be based on fairness principle, such that no one is denied the right to utilize the benefits of the health trouble system. correspond to the National Health Reform Agreement, Australian Health cargon system is also founded on the concept of equity of access expertness and effectiveness (Adityan2, 2013). It is found to be a world class system in terms of both effectiveness and strength. The population has a good health status, with the average life expectancy at birth of 81.4 years (women-83.7 and men- 79.2). This is the mellowedest in the completed world. Still even with such statistics, on that point are certain groups like those of aboriginals and the Torres Islanders, who conduct a poor health status (AGDH, 2014). Australian government plant life under the scheme of medi boot, which aims at providing facilitate with high health check examination costs and the hospital costs. Another scheme called the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) has also been implemented so that the costs of most of the medicines is subsidized. This essay describes the latest scenario that prevails in the Australian democracy, regarding the status of equity of access, its effectiveness and the efficacy of the health cautiousness system.Effectiveness in this regard focuses on the ratio of outputs to outcomes. These three components form the basis of an ideal health system. In other words, a health system that if effective and efficient, is adequate to yield estimated outcome, is able to generate profitable outputs and is easily accessible (widely distributed), is an ideal health system for any country (NHHRC, 2009). The aim of this essay is to discuss the postulates of equity of access, effectiveness and efficiency in the Australian health care system and also throw light on the interrelationships among these concepts.EQUITYAccording to the US health and human rights academics Braverman and Gruskinn equity is an ethical concept with the baseline of distributive justice. With respect to healthcare, equity aims to eliminate un bear upon opportunites that are provided, to be healthy. Such opportunities are not given to those who hit membership of socially less privileged groups like the poor people, handicapped, disenfranchised racial, ethnic or ethnic groups. Mostly the people living in the campestral areas are treated this way. If equity has to be considered with respect to the health care practices, then all the disparities or diversitys based on races, castes, origin, etc, should be eliminated completely. Thus, equity aims at diverting the attention of authorities towards the less privileged people of the nation (Braverman et al., 2003). As depicted by this definition, the requ irement for medical health care depends upon the medical and social situation of an individual. In Australia, indigenous population is the one suffering from denial from health care serve. They are generally linked with the economical, social, educational and cultural causes. The World Health Organisation has described inequity as follows, Inequities are the differences or discriminations that are unjust, unfair, unnecessary and avoidable, but still persist in our society. It is not that every inequity is unfair, but yes all inequities are a result of unfair differences among the people. In the field of healthcare, just refers to the access permission for those who are not able to pay large sums of money, but are in desperate need of medical aid. Inequity should be prevented in granting access to medical support for such cases depending upon the needs of various groups . Gavin Mooney has defined equity as equal access to equal care for equal need (Mooney G., 2003). It was purview ed and found that the current health care facilities do not cater to the special needs of the indigenous people. There are many barriers to equity of access like the cost of care is very high, the fees of the consumer is again high, there is low health literacy among the people, poor access to health service information by the patients living in the remote areas, seasonable unavailability of the doctors, prevalence of quality services only in the posh parts of the country and lastly, the discrimination in giving the treatments. The last point itself explains the loopholes in the health care system. Some of the major reasons for such inequity are as followsMost of the shopkeepers expect closed their outlet in remote and poorer areas because there is decline in bulk billing. Patients who are willing to pay some extra amount are treated well while the rest are just ignored and left to die.Generally there are no hospitals in the remote areas. But even if some are there, they are witha l old that they need replacement/Access to high technology treatments is doubtful in such areas and for such population. Richardson has shown the data statistics saying that the treatment of heart distemper is thrice as common as in the insured patients.Also the provision of timely surgery is not applicable for semipublic patients, as they have to wait in long queue and are treated once all the private patients have been taken care of.Better access to high quality services like that in dentistry and ancillary healthcare are offered to only those who either belong to the privately insured group or belong to a rich class.The Australians belonging to the White society are given the best possible treatment available in the world. While on the contrary, people belonging to the indigenous (Aboriginals and Torres Islander) population do not even have the facility to disclose their problem to a medical practitioner, leave aside getting the correct treatment. Australian Council of social S ervice (COSS) has implemented various strategies to overcome this gap by supporting the closing the gap priorities and promoting aboriginal health. military strengthEffectiveness can be defined as the measure of accuracy of a therapeutic method of treatment or success of the treatment when conducting the medical practice in remote location, or in the areas where sufficient funds or facilities are not available. Use of information technology in merger with high speed internet, is a ray of hope for managing patients records, health, finances, work force, advancements in medical field and delivery of services (Imran Muhammed et al., 2012). In this context, in order to introduce positive medical reforms, the government of Australia has implemented in person Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) as the e health solution in this country. Earlier, the records of the patients were stored electronically in an electronic health recorder (EHR) system. Such systems were managed by a heal th care official and it helped a lot in maintaining records of so many people and also provided safety of personal information. But the major drawback of this system was that it was limited to the institutional access. If the family or any other person cute to look after the patient, he/ she didnt have any access to these records (Perlin, Kolodner, Rosswell, 2004). To avoid this problem a more patient centered model of health care system was developed (Perlin et al., 2004). This new model was termed as electronic personal health record (PHR) systems. An example of this new technology is Australias Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR). PCEHR was introduced in July, 2012. PCEHR had the function of keeping all the key components of the patients health information in one database, in form electronic records. Only registered users and their medical service suppliers had the access to all the records and summary of the treatments and their medical history. The main ai m of developing this kind of electronic database was to help the medical practitioners to take better decisions with respect to the treatments to be given to the patients (Les Schumer, 2013). PCEHR has some basic postulates like voluntary participation, providing access under consumer (or patients) control and a source of authentic information. PCEHR is not a substitution for clinical records. Instead depending upon the interest of the patients, they can register themselves online and choose a health care provider to create and maintain their records. People can immediately view their very own medical history ranging from the time, type and duration of medications, allergies and adverse reactions as well (Les Schumer, 2013).EFFCIENCYEfficiency, when defined in relation to the healthcare, is a relative term. It can be utilise to refer to technical as well as productive efficiency or even social efficiency. The extent to which effort, cost and time can be used for the desired task o r purpose, is the efficiency. It is the final stage of a logical process which comprises of three steps starting from efficacy to effectiveness and finally efficiency. Australian government aims in maximizing the health care outputs produced from a set of stock input and improving the input quality. Conversely, the government is incorporating some measures to ensure that the health care inputs in terms of cost are minimized. As mentioned there are basically three types of efficiencies that are considered in Australian health care system (James F. Burgess, 2011). Technical efficiency It is measured by intersection of outputs by utilizing fewer inputs. The potential inefficiencies prevailing in the system are long duration of stay, drugs and IV fluids that have expired and unused CPOE system. Productive efficiency It is measured by production of outputs at minimized cost. Some of the potential inefficiencies faced by Australia are the Positron emission tomography (PET) scan vs. stan dard imaging for Alzheimers diagnosis, high discharge cost and high cost of care. Social efficiency It is measured by making an individual cope with the current ailment without harming any other person. Again the system is filled with potential inefficiencies like use of cardiac defibrillator in low risk patients and wrong chain of mountains and scale in hospitals. Palmer and Torgerson reported that efficiency is the realtion between resource inputs ( which can be costs arising from labour input, capital investment and equipments) and either intermediate outputs (number of patients treated, time lag time, etc) or final health outcomes (lives saved, life years gained, quality adjusted life years (QALYs)) with an ideal target on the final health outcomes. alliance BETWEEN EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCYEfficiency is not possible without efficacy and effectiveness because both describe the extent to which the goal can be reached (Stephen Leeder, 2003). tutelage in view the Healthcare s ystem of Australia, it is evident that even though the government is trying to reinforce new reforms into the healthcare system every now and then, yet there is lack of equity of access. The aim of such reforms is to improve the healthcare system and help it emerge as the high quality system. For this it is essential to have effective and efficient functioning of the system. But this is not the case. As said before, the health of the people in a particular nation, determines the progress or economic status of the country. And the health of people is determined by how quickly the treatment facilities are available for the patients. The aboriginals and the Torres Islanders are unable to access the medical institutions because of the discrimination and their location (which is generally outside the main city or it is a remote location). The average life span of indigenous Australians is between 10-17 years of age, which is sooner lower as compared to that in the non indigenous populati ons. Also, the rate at which the new born babies die (in indigenous populations) is two times higher than the rate in non indigenous and they also experience frequent situations of illness as well. Thus, it is need of the hour to seal this gap between the two populations so that equal rights and equal opportunities are provided to both the classes of people, irrespective of their origin, race, tribe, etc. Thus, there is a deep connection between equity of access, effectiveness and efficiency. When all the populations, whether indigenous or non indigenous, have equal access to all the medical facilities, the ratio of healthy to ill will definitely rise and the statistics will improve. But this is only possible when the medical facilities are effectively organized and made available in the remote areas too. Further, the successful execution of all these agendas will determine the efficiency of the Health care system. Thus, all the three terms go hand in hand. Without one, the other tw o are meaningless.CURRENT SCENARIOMany clinicians and the analysts do not consider it becharm to include economics (costs) inbetween the medical decisions as they consider this as unethical. But they are definitely mistaken as one of the main advantages of health economics is that everything is transparent and all the concepts of equity, effectiveness and efficiency are maintained. It has been reported that the richer countries use the public funds more in the field of healthcare as compared to those used by the underdeveloped countries (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Since the investment made in health care demonstrates a countrys economic strength and its democratic values, it is both delectable and essential for a government to invest in health care. Secondly, the salaries offered to the doctors or other medical officers are very less as compared to what actually should be offered. Moreover, the funds given to the health care systems are not enough to procure the most appropriate trea tments and thus this causes problems. Also since the funds are not sufficient, proper medical instruments are also not available for the treatment of chronic disorders. For an instance, there is no provision of NSAIDs which have an anitinflammatory effect on the disease. According to the Canadian social commenter John Ralston Saul, the governments that believe in corporatism, rationalism and cost reduction, as a means to improve the efficiency, become the main reason for the bereavement of the publically funded health care facilities (Stephen Leeder, 2003). The second scenario prevalent in Australian democracy is that even though the governments provide enough funds for the health care institutions, yet they do not guarantee equity of access. The big private sectors are generally biased and divert all the contribution from the government towards the richer institutions. purposeIn order to place equity on the agenda of the health care policies of the Australian government, it is gr and to generate awareness about what Medicare and other public agencies actually fund for healthcare. It is also necessary to take the initiative and make the government realize that the topmost priority of any healthcare system should be to provide equity of access, as only then can the policies or treatments be implemented effectively and efficiently. The Australian Bureau of statistics health insurance survey and AXA/ National Mutual Data for NSW (1998), Spencer quoted that around $300 million of the public funds were used for dental care and allied health professional services (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Since dental care is not a luxury, but treatment of chronic illness is, therefore, the basic dental services for all the Australians should be subsidized. Secondly, the salaries received by the doctors from the bulk billed vs. the non bulk billed patients, should be redressed.Third, (hypothetically) a new body say National Council for Equity in Healthcare should be formed, so that i t is directly answerable to the Australian Parliament and aim at making the Australian Health care more equitable (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Therefore, as discussed, it is very important to reform the current medical practices so that there is efficiency in the functioning of the health care department of Australia.

Wal-mart: Not A Villain :: essays research papers

I populate in Mentor, Ohio, a suburb about thirty-five miles east of Cleveland. It engrossd to be all greenhouses, until a few decades agone when it began the process of commercialization, along with other neighboring cities. Big-name workshops moved into town, slowly at first. After awhile, along came a shopping mall and stores such as K-Mart. These businesses actually began to change the community for the better. As the area became more developed, more people moved in that respect. Eventually Wal-Mart made its way into town. The onset of competition forced K-mart to move (less than a mile down the road from the original site, across the street from where the Wal-Mart was being built) and upgrade to a tiptop K-Mart Center. The difference between K-Mart and Super K-Mart is that Super K-Mart has everything that regular K-Mart has, but it is now also equipped with a complete grocery section. This enables customers to do all of their shopping in one location.It all started in 19 62. The first Wal-Mart Discount City opened that year in Rogers, Arkansas, and the franchise has been growing exponentially ever since. In 1980 there were 276 stores, and in the year 2000, there are more than 3,400 Wal-Marts in every state of the USA and a handful of foreign countries. These countries include Germany, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, and Korea, to name a few. Wal-Mart has aspirations to be globally recognised like McDonalds and Coca-Cola. For five years, the state of Vermont waged a war against Wal-Mart, refusing to let any of these super stores inside state boundaries. Eventually Wal-Mart won the battle and the first store opened in Bennington, Vermont. Instead of expected protests, Wal-Marts business was booming. During the first week, the store had almost 1.5 times as many transactions as people live in the town. According to "Shopping With the Enemy", town life will never be the same because "people crave the low prices, large survival of the fittest and con venient parking," offered by discount stores (146).In the article "Wal-Marts War on Main Street," by Sarah Anderson, it is correctly stated that "rural life is changing and theres no use denying it." (Anderson 139) Even without imposing businesses, the technological advances of today make the world smaller and smaller. It used to be that in rural places there would be one kick upstairs and then nothing for miles. There wasnt much contact with people outside of ones family.

Colgate Palmolive :: essays research papers fc

Colgate PalmoliveWith a continuous enlargement in its harvest line, Colgate-Palmolive is taking on the look of one of the most stable stocks on the exchange. Colgatehas a wide variety of products sold around the worldly concern including, ColgateToothpastes, zip Stick Deodorants, Ajax rear Cleaner, and Hills ScienceDiet foods for house pets.Colgate was founded in 1806 in sweet York City on Dutch Street by WilliamColgate as a starch, soap and wick business. Colgate produced soaps andperfumes or the next 67 old age and then in 1873, they introduced their firsttoothpastes, which were aromatic toothpastes. Then 13 years later, theyintroduced the first dental creme packaged in collapsible tubes similar to thoseused today. later 104 years of being in business on Dutch Street, the largesttenancy on record in New York City the entire Colgate organization moved toJersey City. In 1928 Colgate made its greatest merger of all time with thePalmolive-Peet attach to and in 1953 took on i ts apply come to of Colgate-Palmolive.By 1967 Colgate-Palmolive was on a roll with sales passing the 1 billion dollarmark. In the years after, Colgate began acquiring major companies and expandingits product line with the purchases of Hills darling Products in 1976, the MennenCompany in 1992 and in 1993 acquired the liquid soap brands of S.C. Johnson.Before the purchase of Mennen Co. in 1992, Colgate Palmolive had no majorpresence in the deodorant industry. With the purchase of Mennen Co. they held16% of the deodorant market but had to compete with Proctor and Gamble, who held26% of the market with products such as Sure, Secret and Old Spice.After the purchase of Mennen Co., which was easily purchased without resistfor $670 million in cash, Colgate-Palmolive held 16% of the deodorant marketwith their Speed Stick and Lady Speed Stick deodorants, which are right away the pencil lead in world wide sales of deodorants. They also now own products under theBaby Magic name such Skin p ickup and Baby Magic Foot.Powder.In 1976 , Colgate-Palmolive acquired Hills Pet Products Inc. Since thefoundation of this company in 1948, they have committed themselves to the healthand welfare of dogs and cats. Today, Hills Pet Nutrition Inc. is one of theleading pet food manufactures and is revolutionizing the pet food industry withits Prescription Diet products used by veterinarians to manage such conditionsas obesity, heart disease, kidney disease and many others. Hills Pet Productsalso manufacture Hills Science Diet food.Hills Pet Products has not always been a success. When it was founded inColgate Palmolive essays research papers fc Colgate PalmoliveWith a continuous expansion in its product line, Colgate-Palmolive istaking on the look of one of the most stable stocks on the exchange. Colgatehas a wide variety of products sold around the globe including, ColgateToothpastes, Speed Stick Deodorants, Ajax Surface Cleaner, and Hills ScienceDiet foods for house pets.Colgate w as founded in 1806 in New York City on Dutch Street by WilliamColgate as a starch, soap and candle business. Colgate produced soaps andperfumes or the next 67 years and then in 1873, they introduced their firsttoothpastes, which were aromatic toothpastes. Then 13 years later, theyintroduced the first dental creme packaged in collapsible tubes similar to thoseused today. After 104 years of being in business on Dutch Street, the largesttenancy on record in New York City the entire Colgate organization moved toJersey City. In 1928 Colgate made its greatest merger of all time with thePalmolive-Peet Company and in 1953 took on its present name of Colgate-Palmolive.By 1967 Colgate-Palmolive was on a roll with sales passing the 1 billion dollarmark. In the years after, Colgate began acquiring major companies and expandingits product line with the purchases of Hills Pet Products in 1976, the MennenCompany in 1992 and in 1993 acquired the liquid soap brands of S.C. Johnson.Before the purchas e of Mennen Co. in 1992, Colgate Palmolive had no majorpresence in the deodorant industry. With the purchase of Mennen Co. they held16% of the deodorant market but had to compete with Proctor and Gamble, who held26% of the market with products such as Sure, Secret and Old Spice.After the purchase of Mennen Co., which was easily purchased without resistfor $670 million in cash, Colgate-Palmolive held 16% of the deodorant marketwith their Speed Stick and Lady Speed Stick deodorants, which are now theleading in world wide sales of deodorants. They also now own products under theBaby Magic name such Skin Bracer and Baby Magic Foot.Powder.In 1976 , Colgate-Palmolive acquired Hills Pet Products Inc. Since thefoundation of this company in 1948, they have committed themselves to the healthand welfare of dogs and cats. Today, Hills Pet Nutrition Inc. is one of theleading pet food manufactures and is revolutionizing the pet food industry withits Prescription Diet products used by veterinarian s to manage such conditionsas obesity, heart disease, kidney disease and many others. Hills Pet Productsalso manufacture Hills Science Diet food.Hills Pet Products has not always been a success. When it was founded in

resistence basic guide :: essays research papers

A basic guide to opposition. Electron Flow Model Everything is made of very small particles called molecules. Each atom has a heavy positively charged nucleus and is surrounded by a cloud of light, negatively charged, electrons. In coats, the outer most electron of each atom is weakly attracted to the positive nucleus and can escape from the atom and wander around between the atoms. Note 1 So, in metals, we have all these millions and millions of electrons whizzing about at uplifted speed, in random directions, between the fixed atoms. When you connect the piece of metal across a battery all these electrons are still whizzing about at random, BUT they are also forced to slowly drift in one direction. This slow drift is called the latest. Note 2 As the electrons are forced through the metal they collide with the atoms and transfer energy to them. This is where the word resistance comes in. The electrons experience resistance to their forced movement between the atoms. When the e lectrons collide with the atoms the electrons lose energy and slow down, the atoms sop up energy and vibrate faster. You should know that the faster the vibration of particles the hotter the temperature of the material is. So the energy from the battery, that is used to force the electrons to move, is transferred to the atoms, and we see this as the metal getting hotter. The resistance of a metal always leads to a heating effect when a current is passed through it. The size of the resistance will dep give up on the showcase of metal, and its dimensions. Note 1 The regular arrangement of atoms in metals is called the "lattice" or "crystal lattice". The electrons are not completely free from the nuclei so it is not quite correct to describe the electrons as "free electrons" or the atoms as "positive ions". However, in many books you will see metals described as "a sea of electrons moving randomly through a lattice of positive ions." In newer b ooks and your GCSE specification you might find the atom parts described as "positive atomic kernels". Anyway, this whole arrangement is known as "metal bonding" and the attraction of the electrons to the positive atomic kernels produces the characteristic properties of metals. Note 2 The current in a metal is due to the drift of electrons. Without the atomic model many people get the idea that charges (electrons) flow out of one end of a battery, through the wire, and then back in to the other end of the battery.

My Hero Essay example -- Hero Heroes Personal Essays

My HeroWhat is a hero? In my view a hero is someone that you admire. You mayadmirer them for their achievements, outlooks in brio or maybe justbecause they are famous. In this case I admire my hero for his courageand his determination all through his personal keep and his career.This story begins in Bellshill near Glasgow 24th September 1962 wherea Glaswegian boy was born. His parents Alexander and May called theirmiracle Alistair Murdoch McCoist. If only his parents had known thedifference this baby boy would confuse to Scottish football game in days tocome.At the age of 16 Ally left His High School Hunter high to scoot up acareer in football later on his chemistry teacher Archie Robertsonnoticed him and took him to the St Johnstone Boys Club trials.Unfortunately Mr Robertson died and did not see ally make it to theprofessional football stage in his career. This is one of Allysbiggest regrets in life.On the 1st December 1978 Ally started his career at St Johnstone FCfrom the ir Boys Club. During his first conciliate he appears on the pitch4 times, though he fails to score a goal but how it changed in thelater stages of his football career. Then in 1981 he was transferredto Sunderland for two seasons but still gets no motivation. During histime playing for Sunderland he marries a girl named Allison who tothis day is still his wife. Finally in 1983 after three attemptsAllys dream finally comes true when John Greig buys him for 200,000and is transferred to Rangers FC almost immediately. This is just thebeginning of the success story of Ally Mc Coist.In the early years of his career wearing a number 9 shirt on his backat his new club he is not a best-selling(predicate) player with the fans at all.... ... is for Scotland to win the World Cup but he acceptsthis will never happen, as it would help if they qualified first. Hewould also alike(p) to see one of his boys follow in their daddysfootsteps and become a professional footballer.Some general informati on about my hero is that his perfect happinesswould be a Sunday lunch with his family. His greatest fear is his sonArgylle. His idol is Robert the Bruce and he admires his son Mitchellthe most. Finally his happiest time is when he is on a football pitchkicking a ball around.Overall I chose Alistair Mc Coist as my hero because I admire him forhis determination throughout his career as a footballer and also thetrials in his personal life that he has overcome including him havingthe will to save his marriage. Everyday life for me is meeting my heroat the shops and I feel privileged to do so.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Stalin’s Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953, when he died. He was responsible for integrity of the most notable and devastating genocides, the heavy(p) Purge. His vicious reign took the lives of around 20-60 million people by his rigid and cruel treatment. Through his exploitation of the lower class and his manipulative abuse of power, Stalin created one of the worst examples of leadership in history. It takes an interesting character to be able to execute the cruelties displayed in his regime and the traits that Stalin developed into his cult of personality were likely acquired as a child and adolescent.This paper will discuss how Stalins background helped build the qualities of a ruthless leader and how he displayed them at the time of his power. His expiry of the citizens rights and his failure to maintain his responsibilities as ruler will excessively be reflected upon throughout this writing.Stalins Childhood and BackgroundStalin was born December 18, 187 8 in Gori Georgia. His become was named Ketevan Geladze. His biological father is not accurately known, although, there are many theories as to whom his paternal father is. It couldve been that Stalin is the descendant of a Gregorian prince or count. some other theory is that Stalin is the son of General Nikolai Przhevalsky who was one of the great scientific explorers of the 19th century. Stalin could have been the son of a Jewish wine merchant named Yaakov Egnatashvili. His mother did race in his household. This is one of the most likely theories due to the fact that he paid for Stalins seminary education and Stalin named his first son Yaakov in Egnatashvilis honor. Stalin also could have been the son of a priest. It is even possible that his father... ...ctment of the phone call between Stalin and Krupskaya.Matthews, tin R., 1937 The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union / by John R. Matthews. P. cm.-(World History Series)This discussed the history of the Soviet Union, from the Revolution of 1917 through the Lenin and Stalin eras.Joseph Stalin. Joseph Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014This web source detailed on Stalins cult of personality and gave more input on his distortion of the media image. The Art of Conservatism. Marxism According to Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014Showed how Stalin manipulated Marxism and revealed his interpretation of Marxist ideologies as compared to actual Marxist beliefs.Marxism. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.Provided a definition of Marxism and a brief history of how it was adapted in Stalinist Russia.

Universal Healthcare Essay -- Healthcare Health Insurance

IntroductionUniversal Healthc be is a system under which basic wellness needs can be paid by a single government remunerator. Basic wellness care needs include treatment for urgent, emergent, preventative, reconstructive, routine, and degenerative care. The United States is the only wealthy and industrialized country that does not universal health care, however, does have a publicly funded government health care course of study for the elderly, disabled, military service, and veterans. Programs like these only cover one quarter of the U.S. population. Universal healthcare can be thought as similar to a single-pay health care system. Single-payer health care is an American term that describes payment for doctors, hospitals and other providers for health care from a single funding source. Under the single payer system, doctors practices and hospital may remain private and negotiate payments with the government. How does the System Work?Most countries implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation. canon and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis. Usually whatever costs are paid by the patient but are subsidized by direct taxation and compensated to the patient to some extent either directly by the government or by some form of compulsory insurance.Why is it Important?It is predicted that by the year 2010 close to 52 million Americans will be without any health care coverage. As of 2004 nearly... ...premiums cost that American workers have to pay every year. Workers who are assured with their benefits will not feel obligated to choose their favorite career to pursue, and their employers wear thint have to worry a bout the high workers health insurance cost and not raise their employees wages. Moreover, Children of low income family are guaranteed to be protected. Private insurers steady exists as a choice for people who can afford their premiums and prefer the plan they are currently having. Although this might cost an increase of income tax, the benefit it brings in improving the citizens health care protection and reducing the unnecessary premium cost will in fact help the economy to function more efficiently.